1)
不是根據 Fermat's Little Theorem,是根據 Euler's Formula.
Why?
Fermat's Little Theorem 是指 a^p≡1(mod p) ,當 (a,p)=1, 且 p 為 prime number.
一鸿大大所提到的 modulo number n 是一個 composite number,應該要用 Euler's Formula 的 a^Φ(n)≡1(mod n) 來解釋.
2) For SSL vulnerable, please see this 【M.R. Albrecht, G.J. Watson and K.G. Paterson, Plaintext Recovery Attacks Against SSH, IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2009.
This paper shocks to UK government.