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[原创]aarch64架构的某so模拟执行和加密算法分析
发表于: 2024-7-25 16:21 10464

[原创]aarch64架构的某so模拟执行和加密算法分析

2024-7-25 16:21
10464

本文同步更新到博客

在用Windows平台使用qiling模拟执行框架中遇到了诸多困难,有些问题并没有查询到解决办法,于是记录此篇文章,希望能给到大家一些参考。

以下列举了本文想阐述的内容点:

本文尽可能从初学者的视角来阐述,初学者可以自行实践。

最近需要分析一个libxx.so的加密算法,发现是aarch64的so,于是有以下三个思路

用IDA看了一下加密函数,有点像嵌套的控制流平坦化,但实际上是一个虚拟机,这样静态分析的难度就提升了不少。
alt text

最初的想法是编译一个ARM64的可执行文件,然后加载libxx.so,调用加密函数来调试。通过IDA查看字符串信息,发现是ndk+llvm编译的so,给安卓平台使用的。于是想安装一个ARM64的ubuntu虚拟机来调试,但ubuntu似乎没提供ARM64的客户机,只有服务端版本。可能准备其他发行版本的linux(比如centos)可以调试,但想到模拟执行在trace等功能相较于调试器会更好用点,所以最后选择了用模拟器的方式。

现在想来,可能用Android Studio写个app,然后用lldb来调试可能是最稳定的调试方式。大家有什么其他好的意见呢?

unidbg基于unicorn,可以模拟执行安卓的so,能很好的满足需求。但从Bet4的这篇文章中,unidbg也存在模拟缺陷,于是我选择了qiling作为模拟执行框架,详细理由可参考上文提及的Bet4的文章。
从官方文档了解qiling的大致使用方法后,发现qiling有自带的qdb调试器,不过不支持多线程,而Bet4开源的udbserver支持多线程,配合pwndbg效果图如下(图来自Bet4的帖子):
alt text
之后又发现qiling提供了IDA插件,方便直接在IDA中模拟执行so。因为分析算法会经常参考IDA的一些视图,如果用udbserver的话,会在gdb调试器和IDA之间频繁切换,最后我选择使用qiling的IDA插件来“可视化地调试so”。

在qiling源码的examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin目录下,有很多arm64程序可供模拟执行,lib目录下包含了程序对应的动态链接器,ARM64对应的动态链接器一般是ld-linux-aarch64.so.1。这个动态链接器非常关键,它负责程序依赖的库的加载和程序自身的重定位等功能。

接下来拿bin目录下的arm64_hello举例,演示如何用IDA插件来模拟执行一个aarch64的so,arm64_hello的功能是输出“Hello, World!”字符串,然后退出。官网的完整demo可查看这个链接

用IDA加载arm64_hello,选择"File->Script file..."加载qiling\extensions\idaplugin\qilingida.py。

在我的电脑上软连接无法生效,可能qiling只测试了Linux,所以这里直接用IDA加载脚本的方式来加载qilingida.py。

然后在IDA汇编视图右键->Qiling Emulator->Setup(后续简称Qiling->),加载IDA插件,这里使用qiling默认的辅助脚本(custom_script.py)。在IDA中的一些自动化逻辑都可以放到该脚本中,比如添加一些syscall或者针对某地址的hook到该辅助脚本,之后会举例脚本的用法。

image-20240716201551107

俗话说万事开头难,运行demo就出现加载失败了,如下:

观察os.py的源码:

报错提示sys.stdin为None,这是因为IDA修改了sys.stdin,使用了自己的输入输出流。这个问题在qiling的github issues,pull request都有提到,我这里直接捕获AttributeError异常,如下:

修复之后,重启IDA加载qiling环境(python安装的qiling环境),Qiling->Setup,报错如下:

这里修复的os.py文件是python库下的qiling,也就是C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\os.py。

这里我使用的python版本是3.9.13,大致查了一下,python库有__future__,没有future,不知道与python版本是否有关,改成如下形式,再次加载就成功了。

现在,arm64_hello已加载进内存,动态链接器需要修复重定位表、设置程序入口点等,然后开始运行。

阅读qiling\os\linux.py的QlOsLinux::run方法,由于当前是单线程环境,且没有显式指定运行的起始地址,因此程序的起始地址是动态链接器的入口点,待动态链接器初始化后,将跳转到程序的真正入口点:

IDA汇编视图右键->Qiling Emulator->Continue开始模拟执行,报错:

这里看到已经成功执行puts函数,打印了“Hello, World”,当把这个字符串传给python打印时,出现异常,原因是qiling传给ida_kernwin.msg方法的类型是字节字符串,不是字符串。

解决办法有两个:

第一种方法由于是全局的,会影响到其他二进制文件的分析,且hook系统函数是qiling自身的功能,所以使用第二种方法。

修改custom_script.py,如下:

这里实现了一个my_syscall_write函数,然后在QILING_IDA类的custom_prepare方法中调用ql.os.set_syscall来注册write的syscall。

修改custom_script后右键->Qiling Emulator->Reload User Scripts(后续简称Qiling菜单)就会重新加载脚本,最后在Qiling菜单点击Restart,重新开始运行,结果正常,打印出了“Hello, World!”。

上节跑通了Qiling->Continue,现在尝试Qiling菜单的“设置运行地址”。

首先Qiling->Restart,在IDA里对__libc_start_main函数下断点,Qiling->Continue。此时会看到成功地断在了这里:

image-20240717103851651

Qiling->View Register,查看PC寄存器,确认地址是否一致。这里发现PC的值是0x5E0+程序基址。

image-20240717103902110

可以Qiling->Step,单步几次,会看到IDA中的不同颜色,这些颜色代表不同的执行操作。蓝色是单步,绿色的直接运行覆盖的路径。

image-20240717103807022

sub_724函数是真正的打印函数,将光标移到sub_724的第一条指令,Qiling->Set PC,此时打印:

看到设置好了PC后,继续Qiling->Continue,结果报错:

错误提示PC为0x724的代码是无法访问的,看寄存器:

image-20240717104752266

这里的PC是0x724,回想之前看Qiling寄存器是 IDA地址 + 基址的形式,于是知道原因是Qiling->Set PC设置的是IDA地址,没有加上模块基址。

修改qiling的IDA插件,qilingida.py如下:

IDA插件更新后,先"Qiling->Unload Plugin"卸载插件,再IDA->File->Script file加载插件,然后重新操作一遍,这次设置PC就添上基址了:

最后,移动光标,点击sub_724的最后一条指令,然后Qiling->Execute Till,会看到这次成功执行,橙色代表Execute Till执行过的指令:

image-20240717110923042

可以看到下一条指令就是0x748:

image-20240717111000909

从这里可以看到,qiling的IDA插件其实还不完善,即使是官方的dev分支(官方推荐使用dev分支),模拟执行demo还是有很多问题,所以对初学者不算非常友好。因此这里记录下相关问题的解决建议,供大家参考,后文还会有稍麻烦的bug需要解决。

OK,demo已经跑通了,现在来模拟执行libxx.so。

image-20240717111824127

可以看到算法的核心几个步骤是init,encrypt,decrypt。那么首先分析tps_init函数。

加载libxx.so、初始化qiling后,不能直接将PC寄存器指向tps_init函数,因为这时运行环境还没有准备好,比如tpidr_el0寄存器,这个寄存器类似与windows的fs段寄存器(TEB),指向当前线程的运行环境。另外,此时还没有做so的重定位,很多so里的全局引用是需要重定位的,比如调用一个memset函数。

首先IDA加载libxx.so,初始化qiling(Qiling->Setup),对libxx.so的入口地址(start函数)下断点,然后开始模拟执行(Qiling->Continue),报错:

查看源码:

futex是linux中的锁,这里的thread_management是需要qiling启动多线程模式才会初始化的,于是在qilingida.py创建Qiling实例的时候添加多线程参数:

这里日志打印从QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG改为QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT,减少一些调试内容的输出,然后multithread显式打开。再卸载、加载一次qilingida.py,重新运行,以下报错:

这个和之前demo的问题一样,只是这次的syscall是writev,不是write。在custom_script.py添加writev的syscall hook,定义my_syscall_writev函数,Qiling->Reload User Script重新加载自定义脚本,重启qiling环境运行,这次成功运行到start函数:

image-20240717140048966

但注意tpidr_el0为0,代表线程运行环境没有准备好。如果这时直接Qiling->continue,还会出现另一个报错:

这里可以看到,PC准备执行0x9aec0处的指令,但从打印的内存映射来看,0x9aec0是没有映射的,所以导致指令读取失败。

再更仔细地看内存映射信息,发现没有动态链接器加载到内存空间,用readelf看一下:

libxx.so没有interp节,而arm64_hello有,所以qiling在加载libxx.so的时候没有加载动态链接器。

那现在需要给libxx.so显示指定动态链接器,为确定在哪指定,先打开debug级别的日志输出:

重新加载qilingida.py,初始化qiling环境,结果没有相关输出。再用IDA打开arm64_hello,相关输出如下:

看到arm64_hello的动态链接器是/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1,根据这个打印日志,去qiling源码查找:

这里的interp_path为动态链接器的路径,所以显示指定如下:

重启qiling环境,可看到动态链接器的加载:

然后开始qiling的模拟执行(Qiling->Continue),如下报错:

第一句话直接提示了该动态链接器不兼容当前so。想起这个so是通过ndk编译给安卓用的,那动态链接器应该是安卓下的linker64。

Bet4从qiling的github fork了仓库,里面有linker64和安卓下所需的其他so,比如libz、libm、liblog。

用readelf看到libxx.so引用了这些库,所以这里一并准备好,路径如下:

该动态链接器更换为linker64后,重启IDA,初始化qiling环境,Qiling->Continue,出现以下报错:

此时X4为0,导致了内存访问异常。用IDA打开linker64,崩溃点如下:

image-20240717150000658

大致看了上下文,该函数是_dl___linker_init,用来初始化动态库so,要知道X4为什么是0还得往上回溯,需要一点时间。且这个linker64是安卓低版本6.0,可能有不兼容的地方,于是我想尝试另外的linker64,正好手上有一台PIXEL,于是把里面的linker64复制出来,再测试一次,结果如下:

报错无法读取/proc/self/exe,这是一个符号链接,linker64用它来获取自身的绝对路径,linker伪代码如下:

image-20240717210638992

这里用qiling hook 0x27DA8地址,然后返回绝对路径和长度,更新custom_script.py:

重新来一遍,又来一个报错:

这里找不到 PHDR 程序头表,用readelf看一下:

一般PHDR是程序表(program table)的第一个元素,这里确实没有。看一下IDA:

image-20240717213805454

这里也出现了一个变量+0x10的判断,对比Bet4的linker64上下文和PIXEL的linker64上下文,可确定是同一个问题,看来必须要往上逆向一下了。

图的注释是分析后的结果。

这里有两种方式,一种是打trace,即使用Qiling的hook_code,在每一条代码运行前打印现场环境,一种是断在对应的代码,单步做动态调试,这里我选择动态调试的方式。那如何断在对应的代码地址呢,这里要熟悉下qilingida.py的这部分代码:

这部分代码表示让模拟执行跑起来时,如果遇到断点,就保存现场环境并停下来,所以断在想分析的代码地址处可以在ql_path_hook手动加一个断点,如下:

这里给bp_list加一个元素,0x27f2c为相对虚拟地址(RVA),后面是重定位的基址调整,这样就能断下来,然后单步调试了。

因为第二行addr变量重定位时减去的libxx模块的基址,所以bp_list添加的元素要减去libxx模块的基址,而不是0x27f2c+0x007ffff7dd5000-0x007ffff7dd5000=0x27f2c。

因为中断后,PC寄存器指向linker64模块,所以会报以下错误,不过该错误不影响继续单步调试:

单步调试后,伪代码如下:

这里可以模拟程序头表获取变量a和变量b,修改custom_script.py如下:

记得把之前在qilingida.py添加的断点去掉。

重启qiling环境,这样就能够断在libxx.so的start地址处了。

遗憾的是,到这里仍然不能顺利模拟执行我们的目标函数,因为qiling模拟执行到start大约需要3-4分钟,如果每次分析调整完qiling代码后,都重启一次qiling,那这个效率就太低了。

写这篇文章的时候,为了演示,我重新又走了一遍流程,结果这次直接卡死了,IDA一直消耗CPU一整晚,到白天都还没有弄完:

image-20240724102141265

经过分析,发现通过Qiling->Continue的方式,每执行一条执行都会调用设置的callback(qilingida.py->ql_path_hook),如果取消这个回调注册,qiling就会大约2-3秒来到start地址处。

重启qiling环境,这次遇到了这个错误:

这里PC跳到了0x0,不过我们可以看到libxx.so需要的依赖库都被完美地加载到内存了,说明动态链接器加载libxx.so应该是完成了。

因为取消了ql_path_hook的回调,所以不能断到断点处,所以得另外用一种方法断到start地址处。

qiling有一个“运行到”的函数,右键是Qiling->Execute Till,观察qiling的IDA插件:

qiling在run方法中提供了end,代表模拟执行在哪里结束。我们可以把end设置为start地址就相当于断在start上了,通过在IDA将光标移到对应的代码处即可设置end。不过这里也有一个指令级回调(第5行),观察ql_until_hook的实现:

该函数只是将模拟执行过的代码设置高亮,因此我们可以直接注视掉这个回调的注册(在ql_run_to_here去掉对ql_until_hook的hook_code和hook_del调用)。另外,之前在custom_continue设置的回调都要copy一份到custom_run_to_here,由于custom_script.py没有custom_run_to_here函数,那么就创建一个:

qilingida.py:

custom_script.py:

OK,输出终于没有报错了,观察寄存器,也顺利执行到了start地址处:

image-20240724163047823

修改之后,重启qiling环境,将光标移到start代码处,右键Qiling->Execute Till。

接下来就是单步执行了,结果遇到如下问题:

这里显示单步执行的命令地址是0x7ffff7e0373c,而不是0x5555555f9370。要定位这个问题需要了解qiling源码,分析流程如下:

观察代码流程,我们发现单线程环境下,如果指定了ql.entry_point(调用ql.run的begin参数),就不会用动态加载器去重定位,而是直接开始模拟执行。这是正常的,因为第一次模拟执行时我们一般不会指定ql.run的begin参数,而是让动态链接器去初始化so,不过我们会注册一些回调,使得之后可以保存快照和恢复模拟执行,而恢复模拟执行就会设置ql.run的begin参数。再看多线程的环境,qiling官方显然没有考虑到这个,每次调用ql.run都会执行_prepare_lib_path,都用动态链接器初始化so。在我们的场景下,我们已经初始化过libxx.so,想要开始单步调试so,而由于qiling又一次初始化libxx.so,所以单步调试后的下一条指令是动态加载器的入口地址+4,而不是libxx.so的入口地址+4。

这里直接模仿单线程环境,修改如下:

这里添加一个ql.entry_point的判断,如果ql.run设置了begin,就不重定位,直接从begin地址处开始模拟执行。

重启qiling环境,再次执行Qiling->Execute Till:

image-20240725103246929

可以看到,这次单步调试成功了,顺利断在了libxx.so的下一条指令。

继续单步执行,进入".__cxa_finalize"函数,该函数是从内存读取__cxa_finalize真正的函数地址并执行,该函数地址是需要重定位的,因为该函数属于其他模块,我们观察其内存:

image-20240725103947132

__cxa_finalize_ptr是保存函数地址的指针,通过IDA View-B可看到其相对虚拟地址是0x3266D0,X16寄存器保存了__cxa_finalize_ptr所在的内存页,我们查看内存,发现0x6D0偏移处是0x7FFFB80F942C,该地址位于libc.so中,所以由此得知动态链接器正确地完成了libxx.so的重定位。

libxx.so有3个重要的接口:

因为tps_init与算法无关,这里就直接忽略了。

先看下加解密函数的伪代码:

image-20240725105318159

image-20240725105333731

两个函数结构一致,sub_F736C是真正的加解密函数,加密与解密的不同在于sub_F736C的第1、3、4参数。

回顾sub_F736C的整体结构:

image-20240725105747850

感觉像是几层嵌套的控制流平坦化,通过单步模拟执行,其实际上是一个虚拟机的简化版,这里简要说明其流程:

初始化一些计算因子,然后进入while(1)无限循环,v66从a1参数读取一个四字节大小的无符号整形,然后与0x3F做&算法,最后传给switch

这里IDA反编译出现了一点问题,传给switch的不是v39

image-20240725134708083

一个大switch

image-20240725110152019

假如v39是0x9,跳到对应的case,执行[vmstack-off1] = [vmstack-off2] + number,之后跳到LABEL_331

image-20240725110448988

LABEL_331是所有case的最后一段代码,类似switch的所有case都没有break,然后都跳转到了default分支下

image-20240725135938807

LABEL_331有两个功能:

改变控制流,做指令跳转

一种是a1数组自增到下一个元素

一种是直接跳转到a1数组的某个元素

调用回调函数

最后,回到while(1),继续走switch。

switch-case的参数来源:sub_F736C的第一个参数是一个4字节数组,每个4字节的一部分都是switch-case的参数,用来执行一个操作。

image-20240725113411862

因此每一个4字节就是一个handler,其handler的内部解析如下,handler index和subhandler index为switch-case的参数。

image-20240725135546287

handler的执行示例:

看第一个例子,index为0x2B,则进一步判断subindex,执行subindex为0xC2B的操作,这里有3个变量,off1、off2、off3,分别从handler中做位运算提取。

控制流的变化

加解密的执行就是遍历handler数组实现的,一个handler一个handler的执行。对于for循环,虚拟机需要改变控制流来实现,以下给出控制流改变的一个例子:

执行0x34 handler,如果*(DWORD*)(func_data-0x130)!= *(DWORD*)(func_data-0x128),handler数组指针就减0xC,并且func_data-0x20地址处写入2,表示下一个handler执行后即将跳转:

执行下一条0x9 handler时,因为func_data-0x20地址处的值为2,所以让handler跳转到0x5555557e5bc4。

如果0x34 handler执行时*(DWORD*)(func_data-0x130)== *(DWORD*)(func_data-0x128),那么下一个handler执行后仍顺序执行。

每次执行一个handler,相当于进入switch走一遍,因为我们已经解析了handler4字节的内部组成,所以我们可以记录每一条handler具体代表的语义。每当进入switch时,我们把当前handler的语义打出来,就可以看到完整的加解密流程了。

image-20240725141947203

于是,我们调用ql.hook_code方法,每当执行到0xF7E20这,就打印handler语义:

更新custom_script.py:

完整的custom_script.py已上传至附件。

因为switch-case有些路径是没有走到的,也就是说加解密的handler不是全集,所以我们在写handler的时候,只需要一个一个写,遇到一个新的待执行的handler,就增加一个elif,不需要把switch-case的所有路径都挨着写完。

当我们新增handler时,就需要重启qiling环境,这样会很耗时。因此在遇到没有记录的handler时,我们可以手动调用ql.os.stop(),这样ql_run_to_here可以为我们保存当前执行环境,之后我们仍然可以单步模拟执行:

模拟执行的输出结果示例如下:

观察sub_F736C返回前,所有handler的执行记录,主要分为四部分:

handler执行过程.txt已上传至附件,里面记录了整个执行流程。

虚拟栈的初始化已经sub_F736C的参数保存到虚拟栈:

读取[func_data-0x98]的一个字节,赋值给func_data-0x2a8地址处,同时[func_data-0x98]和[func_data-0x120]都自增1,直到[func_data-0x98]==0x100。

以上逻辑用C++实现如下:

遍历S-box表,i从0自增到255:

以上逻辑用C++实现如下:

遍历待加解密的数据,i从0到len(data)-1

以上逻辑用C++实现如下:

第一次使用qiling来做模拟执行,踩了不少坑。不过这些坑填完了,之后模拟执行就会方便很多。

libxx.so的加解密算法很简单,相信大家已经能看出来这个是RC4,不过稍微有一点魔改,把密钥分成了两部分。

加解密算法的保护主要还是通过虚拟机来实现的,其中也有一点花指令和动态字符串解密,不过这些在libxx.so里都很简单,所以没有细说。

希望本文可以给想用qiling做模拟执行的朋友一些提示,快速过掉qiling的一些坑。

  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 30, in __init__
    super(QlOsLinux, self).__init__(ql)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 190, in __init__
    super().__init__(ql)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\os.py", line 63, in __init__
    sys.stdin.fileno()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'fileno'
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 30, in __init__
    super(QlOsLinux, self).__init__(ql)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 190, in __init__
    super().__init__(ql)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\os.py", line 63, in __init__
    sys.stdin.fileno()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'fileno'
try:
            # Qiling may be used on interactive shells (ex: IDLE) or embedded python
            # interpreters (ex: IDA Python). such environments use their own version
            # for the standard streams which usually do not support certain operations,
            # such as fileno(). here we use this to determine how we are going to use
            # the environment standard streams
            sys.stdin.fileno()
        except UnsupportedOperation:
            # Qiling is used on an interactive shell or embedded python interpreter.
            # if the internal stream buffer is accessible, we should use it
            self._stdin  = getattr(sys.stdin,  'buffer', sys.stdin)
            self._stdout = getattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer', sys.stdout)
            self._stderr = getattr(sys.stderr, 'buffer', sys.stderr)
try:
            # Qiling may be used on interactive shells (ex: IDLE) or embedded python
            # interpreters (ex: IDA Python). such environments use their own version
            # for the standard streams which usually do not support certain operations,
            # such as fileno(). here we use this to determine how we are going to use
            # the environment standard streams
            sys.stdin.fileno()
        except UnsupportedOperation:
            # Qiling is used on an interactive shell or embedded python interpreter.
            # if the internal stream buffer is accessible, we should use it
            self._stdin  = getattr(sys.stdin,  'buffer', sys.stdin)
            self._stdout = getattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer', sys.stdout)
            self._stderr = getattr(sys.stderr, 'buffer', sys.stderr)
except (UnsupportedOperation, AttributeError):
except (UnsupportedOperation, AttributeError):
  File "E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\extensions\idaplugin\custom_script.py", line 1, in <module>
    from future import __annotations__
ImportError: cannot import name '__annotations__' from 'future' (C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\future\__init__.py)
[INFO][(unknown file):0] Custom user script not found.
  File "E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\extensions\idaplugin\custom_script.py", line 1, in <module>
    from future import __annotations__
ImportError: cannot import name '__annotations__' from 'future' (C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\future\__init__.py)
[INFO][(unknown file):0] Custom user script not found.
from __future__ import annotations
from __future__ import annotations
try:
    # 如果是一段二进制代码
    if self.ql.code:
        self.ql.emu_start(self.entry_point, (self.entry_point + len(self.ql.code)), self.ql.timeout, self.ql.count)
    else:
        # 如果是多线程环境
        if self.ql.multithread:
            # start multithreading
            thread_management = thread.QlLinuxThreadManagement(self.ql)
            self.ql.os.thread_management = thread_management
            thread_management.run()
 
        else:
            # 不是多线程环境
            # 程序入口点是否有显式指定
            if self.ql.entry_point is not None:
                self.ql.loader.elf_entry = self.ql.entry_point
 
            # do we have an interp?
            elif self.ql.loader.elf_entry != self.ql.loader.entry_point:
                entry_address = self.ql.loader.elf_entry
 
                if self.ql.arch.type == QL_ARCH.ARM:
                    entry_address &= ~1
 
                # start running interp, but stop when elf entry point is reached
                self.ql.emu_start(self.ql.loader.entry_point, entry_address, self.ql.timeout)
                self.ql.do_lib_patch()
                self.run_function_after_load()
                self.ql.loader.skip_exit_check = False
                self.ql.write_exit_trap()
 
            self.ql.emu_start(self.ql.loader.elf_entry, self.exit_point, self.ql.timeout, self.ql.count)
try:
    # 如果是一段二进制代码
    if self.ql.code:
        self.ql.emu_start(self.entry_point, (self.entry_point + len(self.ql.code)), self.ql.timeout, self.ql.count)
    else:
        # 如果是多线程环境
        if self.ql.multithread:
            # start multithreading
            thread_management = thread.QlLinuxThreadManagement(self.ql)
            self.ql.os.thread_management = thread_management
            thread_management.run()
 
        else:
            # 不是多线程环境
            # 程序入口点是否有显式指定
            if self.ql.entry_point is not None:
                self.ql.loader.elf_entry = self.ql.entry_point
 
            # do we have an interp?
            elif self.ql.loader.elf_entry != self.ql.loader.entry_point:
                entry_address = self.ql.loader.elf_entry
 
                if self.ql.arch.type == QL_ARCH.ARM:
                    entry_address &= ~1
 
                # start running interp, but stop when elf entry point is reached
                self.ql.emu_start(self.ql.loader.entry_point, entry_address, self.ql.timeout)
                self.ql.do_lib_patch()
                self.run_function_after_load()
                self.ql.loader.skip_exit_check = False
                self.ql.write_exit_trap()
 
            self.ql.emu_start(self.ql.loader.elf_entry, self.exit_point, self.ql.timeout, self.ql.count)
[+]     brk: increasing program break from 0x555555568000 to 0x555555589000
[+]     0x00007fffb7e9e93c: brk(inp = 0x555555589000) = 0x555555589000
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[+]     write() CONTENT: b'Hello, World!\n'
[x]     Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_write DEBUG: A string expected
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\unistd.py", line 410, in ql_syscall_write
    f.write(data)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\init.py", line 63, in write
    ida_kernwin.msg(text)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\ida_kernwin.py", line 236, in msg
    return _ida_kernwin.msg(*args)
TypeError: A string expected
[+]     brk: increasing program break from 0x555555568000 to 0x555555589000
[+]     0x00007fffb7e9e93c: brk(inp = 0x555555589000) = 0x555555589000
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[+]     write() CONTENT: b'Hello, World!\n'
[x]     Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_write DEBUG: A string expected
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\unistd.py", line 410, in ql_syscall_write
    f.write(data)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\init.py", line 63, in write
    ida_kernwin.msg(text)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\ida_kernwin.py", line 236, in msg
    return _ida_kernwin.msg(*args)
TypeError: A string expected
def my_syscall_write(ql: Qiling, fd: int, buf: int, count: int):
    ql.log.info('my_syscall_write called')
    try:
        # read data from emulated memory
        data = ql.mem.read(buf, count)
 
        # select the emulated file object that corresponds to the requested
        # file descriptor
        fobj = ql.os.fd[fd]
        if fobj == None:
            ql.log.ingo('none file descriptor')
        # write the data into the file object, if it supports write operations
        elif hasattr(fobj, 'write'):
            fobj.write(data.decode('utf-8'))
    except:
        ret = -1
    else:
        ret = count
 
    ql.log.info(f'my_syscall_write({fd}, {buf:#x}, {count}) = {ret}')
 
    return ret
     
class QILING_IDA:
 
    def _show_context(self, ql: Qiling):
        registers = tuple(ql.arch.regs.register_mapping.keys())
        grouping = 4
 
        for idx in range(0, len(registers), grouping):
            ql.log.info('\t'.join(f'{r:5s}: {ql.arch.regs.read(r):016x}' for r in registers[idx:idx + grouping]))
 
    def custom_prepare(self, ql: Qiling) -> None:
        ql.log.info('Context before starting emulation:')
        ql.os.set_syscall('write', my_syscall_write)
        ql.log.info('my_syscall_write registered')
        self._show_context(ql)
def my_syscall_write(ql: Qiling, fd: int, buf: int, count: int):
    ql.log.info('my_syscall_write called')
    try:
        # read data from emulated memory
        data = ql.mem.read(buf, count)
 
        # select the emulated file object that corresponds to the requested
        # file descriptor
        fobj = ql.os.fd[fd]
        if fobj == None:
            ql.log.ingo('none file descriptor')
        # write the data into the file object, if it supports write operations
        elif hasattr(fobj, 'write'):
            fobj.write(data.decode('utf-8'))
    except:
        ret = -1
    else:
        ret = count
 
    ql.log.info(f'my_syscall_write({fd}, {buf:#x}, {count}) = {ret}')
 
    return ret
     
class QILING_IDA:
 
    def _show_context(self, ql: Qiling):
        registers = tuple(ql.arch.regs.register_mapping.keys())
        grouping = 4
 
        for idx in range(0, len(registers), grouping):
            ql.log.info('\t'.join(f'{r:5s}: {ql.arch.regs.read(r):016x}' for r in registers[idx:idx + grouping]))
 
    def custom_prepare(self, ql: Qiling) -> None:
        ql.log.info('Context before starting emulation:')
        ql.os.set_syscall('write', my_syscall_write)
        ql.log.info('my_syscall_write registered')
        self._show_context(ql)
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[=]     my_syscall_write called
Hello, World!
[=]     my_syscall_write(1, 0x555555568260, 14) = 14
[+]     0x00007fffb7e98afc: my_syscall_write(fd = 0x1, buf = 0x555555568260, count = 0xe) = 0xe
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[+]     0x00007fffb7e78a2c: exit_group(code = 0x0) = ?
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[=]     my_syscall_write called
Hello, World!
[=]     my_syscall_write(1, 0x555555568260, 14) = 14
[+]     0x00007fffb7e98afc: my_syscall_write(fd = 0x1, buf = 0x555555568260, count = 0xe) = 0xe
[+]     Received interrupt: 0x2
[+]     0x00007fffb7e78a2c: exit_group(code = 0x0) = ?
[INFO][(unknown file):0] QIling PC set to 0x724
[INFO][(unknown file):0] QIling PC set to 0x724
[x]     CPU Context:
[x]     x0  : 0x555555554724
[x]     x1  : 0x1
[x]     x2  : 0x80000000de18
...
[x]     PC = 0x0000000000000724 (unreachable)
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\core.py", line 771, in emu_start
    self.uc.emu_start(begin, end, timeout, count)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory fetch (UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED)
[x]     CPU Context:
[x]     x0  : 0x555555554724
[x]     x1  : 0x1
[x]     x2  : 0x80000000de18
...
[x]     PC = 0x0000000000000724 (unreachable)
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\core.py", line 771, in emu_start
    self.uc.emu_start(begin, end, timeout, count)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory fetch (UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED)
def ql_set_pc(self):
    if self.qlinit:
        # ea = IDA.get_current_address()
        ea = self.qlemu.ql_addr_from_ida(IDA.get_current_address())
        self.qlemu.ql.arch.regs.arch_pc = ea
        logging.info(f"QIling PC set to {hex(ea)}")
        self.qlemu.status = self.qlemu.ql.save()
        self.ql_update_views(self.qlemu.ql.arch.regs.arch_pc, self.qlemu.ql)
    else:
        logging.error('Qiling should be setup firstly.')
def ql_set_pc(self):
    if self.qlinit:
        # ea = IDA.get_current_address()
        ea = self.qlemu.ql_addr_from_ida(IDA.get_current_address())
        self.qlemu.ql.arch.regs.arch_pc = ea
        logging.info(f"QIling PC set to {hex(ea)}")
        self.qlemu.status = self.qlemu.ql.save()
        self.ql_update_views(self.qlemu.ql.arch.regs.arch_pc, self.qlemu.ql)
    else:
        logging.error('Qiling should be setup firstly.')
[INFO][(unknown file):0] QIling PC set to 0x555555554724
[INFO][(unknown file):0] QIling PC set to 0x555555554724
[x]     Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_futex DEBUG: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cur_thread'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 374, in load_syscall
    retval = syscall_hook(self.ql, *params)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\futex.py", line 43, in ql_syscall_futex
    regreturn = ql.os.futexm.futex_wake(ql, uaddr,ql.os.thread_management.cur_thread, val)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cur_thread'
[x]     Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_futex DEBUG: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cur_thread'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 374, in load_syscall
    retval = syscall_hook(self.ql, *params)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\futex.py", line 43, in ql_syscall_futex
    regreturn = ql.os.futexm.futex_wake(ql, uaddr,ql.os.thread_management.cur_thread, val)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cur_thread'
elif op & (FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG - 1) == FUTEX_WAKE:
        regreturn = ql.os.futexm.futex_wake(ql, uaddr,ql.os.thread_management.cur_thread, val)
elif op & (FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG - 1) == FUTEX_WAKE:
        regreturn = ql.os.futexm.futex_wake(ql, uaddr,ql.os.thread_management.cur_thread, val)
class QlEmuQiling:
    def __init__(self):
        self.path = None
        self.rootfs = None
        self.ql: Qiling = None
        self.status = None
        self.exit_addr = None
        self.baseaddr = None
        self.env = {}
 
    def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.ql = Qiling(argv=self.path, rootfs=self.rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT, multithread=True, env=self.env, log_plain=True, *args, **kwargs)
        # ...
class QlEmuQiling:
    def __init__(self):
        self.path = None
        self.rootfs = None
        self.ql: Qiling = None
        self.status = None
        self.exit_addr = None
        self.baseaddr = None
        self.env = {}
 
    def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.ql = Qiling(argv=self.path, rootfs=self.rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT, multithread=True, env=self.env, log_plain=True, *args, **kwargs)
        # ...
[x] [Thread 2000]   Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_writev DEBUG: A string expected
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 374, in load_syscall
    retval = syscall_hook(self.ql, *params)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\uio.py", line 23, in ql_syscall_writev
    ql.os.fd[fd].write(buf)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\init.py", line 63, in write
    ida_kernwin.msg(text)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\ida_kernwin.py", line 236, in msg
    return _ida_kernwin.msg(*args)
TypeError: A string expected
[x] [Thread 2000]   Syscall ERROR: ql_syscall_writev DEBUG: A string expected
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\posix.py", line 374, in load_syscall
    retval = syscall_hook(self.ql, *params)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\posix\syscall\uio.py", line 23, in ql_syscall_writev
    ql.os.fd[fd].write(buf)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\init.py", line 63, in write
    ida_kernwin.msg(text)
  File "D:\Tools\IDA 7.5\python\3\ida_kernwin.py", line 236, in msg
    return _ida_kernwin.msg(*args)
TypeError: A string expected
[x] [Thread 2000]   PC = 0x000000000009aec0 (unreachable)
[x] [Thread 2000]   Memory map:
[x] [Thread 2000]   Start            End              Perm    Label        Image
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555554000 - 00555555847000   r-x     libxx.so     E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555856000 - 0055555588f000   rw-     libxx.so     E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555588f000 - 00555555891000   rwx     [hook_mem]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007ffffffde000 - 0080000000e000   rwx     [stack]     
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory fetch (UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED)
[x] [Thread 2000]   PC = 0x000000000009aec0 (unreachable)
[x] [Thread 2000]   Memory map:
[x] [Thread 2000]   Start            End              Perm    Label        Image
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555554000 - 00555555847000   r-x     libxx.so     E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555856000 - 0055555588f000   rw-     libxx.so     E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555588f000 - 00555555891000   rwx     [hook_mem]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007ffffffde000 - 0080000000e000   rwx     [stack]     
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory fetch (UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED)
$ readelf -S libxx.so | grep interp
---
$ readelf -S arm64_hello | grep interp
  [ 1] .interp           PROGBITS         0000000000000200  00000200
$ readelf -S libxx.so | grep interp
---
$ readelf -S arm64_hello | grep interp
  [ 1] .interp           PROGBITS         0000000000000200  00000200
def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
    self.ql = Qiling(argv=self.path, rootfs=self.rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG, multithread=True, env=self.env, log_plain=True, *args, **kwargs)
def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
    self.ql = Qiling(argv=self.path, rootfs=self.rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG, multithread=True, env=self.env, log_plain=True, *args, **kwargs)
[INFO][qilingida:1034] Custom env: {}
[+]     Profile: default
[+]     Mapped 0x555555554000-0x555555555000
[+]     Mapped 0x555555564000-0x555555566000
[+]     mem_start : 0x555555554000
[+]     mem_end   : 0x555555566000
[+]     Interpreter path: /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
[+]     Interpreter addr: 0x7ffff7dd5000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7dd5000-0x7ffff7df2000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7e01000-0x7ffff7e04000
[+]     mmap_address is : 0x7fffb7dd6000
[INFO][qilingida:1034] Custom env: {}
[+]     Profile: default
[+]     Mapped 0x555555554000-0x555555555000
[+]     Mapped 0x555555564000-0x555555566000
[+]     mem_start : 0x555555554000
[+]     mem_end   : 0x555555566000
[+]     Interpreter path: /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
[+]     Interpreter addr: 0x7ffff7dd5000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7dd5000-0x7ffff7df2000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7e01000-0x7ffff7e04000
[+]     mmap_address is : 0x7fffb7dd6000
def load_with_ld()
    def load_elf_segments()
        # ...
        # determine interpreter path
        interp_seg = next(elffile.iter_segments(type='PT_INTERP'), None)
        interp_path = str(interp_seg.get_interp_name()) if interp_seg else ''
def load_with_ld()
    def load_elf_segments()
        # ...
        # determine interpreter path
        interp_seg = next(elffile.iter_segments(type='PT_INTERP'), None)
        interp_path = str(interp_seg.get_interp_name()) if interp_seg else ''
if len(interp_path) == 0:
    interp_path = "/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1"
if len(interp_path) == 0:
    interp_path = "/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1"
[INFO][qilingida:1034] Custom env: {}
[+]     Profile: default
[+]     Mapped 0x555555554000-0x555555847000
[+]     Mapped 0x555555856000-0x55555588f000
[+]     mem_start : 0x555555554000
[+]     mem_end   : 0x55555588f000
[+]     Interpreter path: /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
[+]     Interpreter addr: 0x7ffff7dd5000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7dd5000-0x7ffff7df2000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7e01000-0x7ffff7e04000
[INFO][qilingida:1034] Custom env: {}
[+]     Profile: default
[+]     Mapped 0x555555554000-0x555555847000
[+]     Mapped 0x555555856000-0x55555588f000
[+]     mem_start : 0x555555554000
[+]     mem_end   : 0x55555588f000
[+]     Interpreter path: /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
[+]     Interpreter addr: 0x7ffff7dd5000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7dd5000-0x7ffff7df2000
[+]     Mapped 0x7ffff7e01000-0x7ffff7e04000
[+] [Thread 2000]   b'Inconsistency detected by ld.so: '
Inconsistency detected by ld.so: [+] [Thread 2000]  b'rtld.c'
rtld.c[+] [Thread 2000] b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'1266'
1266[+] [Thread 2000]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'dl_main'
dl_main[+] [Thread 2000]    b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'Assertion `'
Assertion `[+] [Thread 2000]    b'GL(dl_rtld_map).l_libname'
GL(dl_rtld_map).l_libname[+] [Thread 2000]  b"' failed!\n"
' failed!
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 167, in run
    thread_management.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 613, in run
    previous_thread = self._prepare_lib_patch()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 593, in _prepare_lib_patch
    raise QlErrorExecutionStop('Dynamic library .init() failed!')
qiling.exception.QlErrorExecutionStop: Dynamic library .init() failed!
[+] [Thread 2000]   b'Inconsistency detected by ld.so: '
Inconsistency detected by ld.so: [+] [Thread 2000]  b'rtld.c'
rtld.c[+] [Thread 2000] b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'1266'
1266[+] [Thread 2000]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'dl_main'
dl_main[+] [Thread 2000]    b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'Assertion `'
Assertion `[+] [Thread 2000]    b'GL(dl_rtld_map).l_libname'
GL(dl_rtld_map).l_libname[+] [Thread 2000]  b"' failed!\n"
' failed!
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 167, in run
    thread_management.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 613, in run
    previous_thread = self._prepare_lib_patch()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 593, in _prepare_lib_patch
    raise QlErrorExecutionStop('Dynamic library .init() failed!')
qiling.exception.QlErrorExecutionStop: Dynamic library .init() failed!
$ readelf -d libxx.so
 
Dynamic section at offset 0x311f88 contains 29 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [liblog.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libz.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libm.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libdl.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so]
 0x000000000000000e (SONAME)             Library soname: [libtps.so]
 0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY)         0x302dc0
 0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ)       8 (bytes)
 0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY)         0x302dc8
 ...
$ readelf -d libxx.so
 
Dynamic section at offset 0x311f88 contains 29 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [liblog.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libz.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libm.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libdl.so]
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so]
 0x000000000000000e (SONAME)             Library soname: [libtps.so]
 0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY)         0x302dc0
 0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ)       8 (bytes)
 0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY)         0x302dc8
 ...
E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\system\lib64:保存libm.so等库
E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\lib:保存linker64
E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\system\lib64:保存libm.so等库
E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\lib:保存linker64
[x] [Thread 2000]   Disassembly:
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd0 [linker64             + 0x00abd09c 20 40 79          ldrh                 w28, [x4, #0x10]
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd4 [linker64             + 0x00abd49f 0f 00 71          cmp                  w28, #3
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd8 [linker64             + 0x00abd881 34 00 54          b.ne                 #0x7ffff7de0268
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\core.py", line 771, in emu_start
    self.uc.emu_start(begin, end, timeout, count)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory read (UC_ERR_READ_UNMAPPED)
[x] [Thread 2000]   Disassembly:
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd0 [linker64             + 0x00abd09c 20 40 79          ldrh                 w28, [x4, #0x10]
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd4 [linker64             + 0x00abd49f 0f 00 71          cmp                  w28, #3
[=] [Thread 2000]   00007ffff7ddfbd8 [linker64             + 0x00abd881 34 00 54          b.ne                 #0x7ffff7de0268
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\core.py", line 771, in emu_start
    self.uc.emu_start(begin, end, timeout, count)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory read (UC_ERR_READ_UNMAPPED)
[+] [Thread 2001]   b'libc'
libc[+] [Thread 2001]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2001] b'unable to stat "/proc/self/exe": Operation not permitted'
unable to stat "/proc/self/exe": Operation not permitted[+] [Thread 2001]   b'\n'
[+] [Thread 2001]   b'libc'
libc[+] [Thread 2001]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2001] b'unable to stat "/proc/self/exe": Operation not permitted'
unable to stat "/proc/self/exe": Operation not permitted[+] [Thread 2001]   b'\n'
def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]:
    # ...
    def addr_27DA8_hook(ql: Qiling) -> None:
        ql.arch.regs.W0 = 0
        ql.arch.regs.PC += 4
    # ...
    return [ql.hook_address(addr_27DA8_hook, 0x27DA8+linker_baseaddr)]
def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]:
    # ...
    def addr_27DA8_hook(ql: Qiling) -> None:
        ql.arch.regs.W0 = 0
        ql.arch.regs.PC += 4
    # ...
    return [ql.hook_address(addr_27DA8_hook, 0x27DA8+linker_baseaddr)]
[+] [Thread 2000]   b'libc'
libc[+] [Thread 2000]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'Could not find a PHDR: broken executable?'
Could not find a PHDR: broken executable?[+] [Thread 2000]  b'\n'
[+] [Thread 2000]   b'libc'
libc[+] [Thread 2000]   b': '
: [+] [Thread 2000] b'Could not find a PHDR: broken executable?'
Could not find a PHDR: broken executable?[+] [Thread 2000]  b'\n'
$ readelf -l libxx.so
 
Elf file type is DYN (Shared object file)
Entry point 0xa5370
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 64
 
Program Headers:
  Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr
                 FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
  LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                 0x00000000002f25b4 0x00000000002f25b4  R E    0x10000
  LOAD           0x00000000002f2dc0 0x0000000000302dc0 0x0000000000302dc0
                 0x0000000000034478 0x0000000000037d58  RW     0x10000
  DYNAMIC        0x0000000000311f88 0x0000000000321f88 0x0000000000321f88
                 0x0000000000000210 0x0000000000000210  RW     0x8
  NOTE           0x0000000000000200 0x0000000000000200 0x0000000000000200
                 0x0000000000000024 0x0000000000000024  R      0x4
  NOTE           0x00000000002f251c 0x00000000002f251c 0x00000000002f251c
                 0x0000000000000098 0x0000000000000098  R      0x4
  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x00000000002da5dc 0x00000000002da5dc 0x00000000002da5dc
                 0x000000000000355c 0x000000000000355c  R      0x4
  GNU_STACK      0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000  RW     0x10
  GNU_RELRO      0x00000000002f2dc0 0x0000000000302dc0 0x0000000000302dc0
                 0x0000000000025240 0x0000000000025240  R      0x1
$ readelf -l libxx.so
 
Elf file type is DYN (Shared object file)
Entry point 0xa5370
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 64
 
Program Headers:
  Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr
                 FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
  LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                 0x00000000002f25b4 0x00000000002f25b4  R E    0x10000
  LOAD           0x00000000002f2dc0 0x0000000000302dc0 0x0000000000302dc0
                 0x0000000000034478 0x0000000000037d58  RW     0x10000
  DYNAMIC        0x0000000000311f88 0x0000000000321f88 0x0000000000321f88
                 0x0000000000000210 0x0000000000000210  RW     0x8
  NOTE           0x0000000000000200 0x0000000000000200 0x0000000000000200
                 0x0000000000000024 0x0000000000000024  R      0x4
  NOTE           0x00000000002f251c 0x00000000002f251c 0x00000000002f251c
                 0x0000000000000098 0x0000000000000098  R      0x4
  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x00000000002da5dc 0x00000000002da5dc 0x00000000002da5dc
                 0x000000000000355c 0x000000000000355c  R      0x4
  GNU_STACK      0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000  RW     0x10
  GNU_RELRO      0x00000000002f2dc0 0x0000000000302dc0 0x0000000000302dc0
                 0x0000000000025240 0x0000000000025240  R      0x1
def ql_continue(self):
    logging.info("before continue...")
    if self.qlinit:
        userhook = None
        # 调用hook_code,每条指令执行前调用ql_path_hook
        pathhook = self.qlemu.ql.hook_code(self.ql_path_hook)
 
def ql_path_hook(self, ql, addr, size):
    addr = addr - self.qlemu.baseaddr + get_imagebase()
    set_color(addr, CIC_ITEM, 0x007FFFAA)
    # 获取断点数量
    bp_count = get_bpt_qty()
    bp_list = []
    if bp_count > 0:
        for num in range(0, bp_count):
            bp_list.append(get_bpt_ea(num))
 
        # 如果当前准备执行的指令是断点处的指令,调用ql.save和ql.os.stop()保存当前模拟执行环境
        if addr in bp_list and (addr != self.lastaddr or self.is_change_addr>1):
            self.qlemu.status = ql.save()
            ql.os.stop()
            self.lastaddr = addr
            self.is_change_addr = -1
            jumpto(addr)
 
        self.is_change_addr += 1
def ql_continue(self):
    logging.info("before continue...")
    if self.qlinit:
        userhook = None
        # 调用hook_code,每条指令执行前调用ql_path_hook
        pathhook = self.qlemu.ql.hook_code(self.ql_path_hook)
 
def ql_path_hook(self, ql, addr, size):
    addr = addr - self.qlemu.baseaddr + get_imagebase()
    set_color(addr, CIC_ITEM, 0x007FFFAA)
    # 获取断点数量
    bp_count = get_bpt_qty()
    bp_list = []
    if bp_count > 0:
        for num in range(0, bp_count):
            bp_list.append(get_bpt_ea(num))
 
        # 如果当前准备执行的指令是断点处的指令,调用ql.save和ql.os.stop()保存当前模拟执行环境
        if addr in bp_list and (addr != self.lastaddr or self.is_change_addr>1):
            self.qlemu.status = ql.save()
            ql.os.stop()
            self.lastaddr = addr
            self.is_change_addr = -1
            jumpto(addr)
 
        self.is_change_addr += 1
def ql_path_hook(self, ql, addr, size):
    addr = addr - self.qlemu.baseaddr + get_imagebase()
    set_color(addr, CIC_ITEM, 0x007FFFAA)
    bp_count = get_bpt_qty() + 1
    bp_list = []
    bp_list.append(0x27f2c+0x007ffff7dd5000-0x555555554000)
    if bp_count > 0:
        for num in range(0, bp_count):
            bp_list.append(get_bpt_ea(num))
def ql_path_hook(self, ql, addr, size):
    addr = addr - self.qlemu.baseaddr + get_imagebase()
    set_color(addr, CIC_ITEM, 0x007FFFAA)
    bp_count = get_bpt_qty() + 1
    bp_list = []
    bp_list.append(0x27f2c+0x007ffff7dd5000-0x555555554000)
    if bp_count > 0:
        for num in range(0, bp_count):
            bp_list.append(get_bpt_ea(num))
[x] [Thread 2000]   [Thread 2000] Expect 0x5555555f9370 but get 0x7ffff7e9e920 when running loader.
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 167, in run
    thread_management.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 613, in run
    previous_thread = self._prepare_lib_patch()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 593, in _prepare_lib_patch
    raise QlErrorExecutionStop('Dynamic library .init() failed!')
qiling.exception.QlErrorExecutionStop: Dynamic library .init() failed!
[x] [Thread 2000]   [Thread 2000] Expect 0x5555555f9370 but get 0x7ffff7e9e920 when running loader.
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\linux.py", line 167, in run
    thread_management.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 613, in run
    previous_thread = self._prepare_lib_patch()
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\os\linux\thread.py", line 593, in _prepare_lib_patch
    raise QlErrorExecutionStop('Dynamic library .init() failed!')
qiling.exception.QlErrorExecutionStop: Dynamic library .init() failed!
i = 0;
while (program_table_element[i].p_type!=PT_PHDR) {
    i++;
    if (i >= elf_header.e_phnum)
        break;
}
 
if (i == elf_header.e_phnum) {
    print("no phdr");
}
else {
    // 获取文件基址在内存的地址
    a = phdr_addr - program_table_element[i].p_paddr;
    // 获取内存基址
    b = phdr_addr - program_table_elemet[i].p_offset;
}
i = 0;
while (program_table_element[i].p_type!=PT_PHDR) {
    i++;
    if (i >= elf_header.e_phnum)
        break;
}
 
if (i == elf_header.e_phnum) {
    print("no phdr");
}
else {
    // 获取文件基址在内存的地址
    a = phdr_addr - program_table_element[i].p_paddr;
    // 获取内存基址
    b = phdr_addr - program_table_elemet[i].p_offset;
}
def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]:
    #...
    def addr_27FB4_hook(ql: Qiling) -> None:
            # 如果是检测第一个程序表元素,且不是程序头表
            if ql.arch.regs.X11 == 0 and ql.arch.regs.W12 == 1:
                phdr_vir_addr = ql.arch.regs.X8
                poffset_addr = ql.arch.regs.x10
                write_base = ql.arch.regs.X19
                ql.log.info(f'phdr_vir_addr: {phdr_vir_addr:#x}')
                ql.log.info(f'poffset_addr: {poffset_addr:#x}')
                sub1 = to_bstring(phdr_vir_addr-0x40)
                # *(QWORD*)((__int64)v50+0x100) = image_vir_addr
                ql.mem.write(write_base+0x100, sub1)
                ql.log.info(b'sub1: ' + sub1)
 
                image_vir_addr = phdr_vir_addr-0x40
                # *(QWORD*)((__int64)v50+0x10) = image_vir_addr
                ql.mem.write(write_base+0x10, to_bstring(0x40))
                ql.log.info(f'sub2: {image_vir_addr:#x}')
 
                ql.arch.regs.X8 = image_vir_addr
                ql.arch.regs.PC = 0x28070 + 0x7ffff7dd5000
                 
    ql.hook_address(addr_27FB4_hook, 0x27FB4+linker_baseaddr)
def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]:
    #...
    def addr_27FB4_hook(ql: Qiling) -> None:
            # 如果是检测第一个程序表元素,且不是程序头表
            if ql.arch.regs.X11 == 0 and ql.arch.regs.W12 == 1:
                phdr_vir_addr = ql.arch.regs.X8
                poffset_addr = ql.arch.regs.x10
                write_base = ql.arch.regs.X19
                ql.log.info(f'phdr_vir_addr: {phdr_vir_addr:#x}')
                ql.log.info(f'poffset_addr: {poffset_addr:#x}')
                sub1 = to_bstring(phdr_vir_addr-0x40)
                # *(QWORD*)((__int64)v50+0x100) = image_vir_addr
                ql.mem.write(write_base+0x100, sub1)
                ql.log.info(b'sub1: ' + sub1)
 
                image_vir_addr = phdr_vir_addr-0x40
                # *(QWORD*)((__int64)v50+0x10) = image_vir_addr
                ql.mem.write(write_base+0x10, to_bstring(0x40))
                ql.log.info(f'sub2: {image_vir_addr:#x}')
 
                ql.arch.regs.X8 = image_vir_addr
                ql.arch.regs.PC = 0x28070 + 0x7ffff7dd5000
                 
    ql.hook_address(addr_27FB4_hook, 0x27FB4+linker_baseaddr)
[x] [Thread 2000]   v28 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v29 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v30 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v31 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   PC = 0x0000000000000000 (unreachable)
 
[x] [Thread 2000]   Memory map:
[x] [Thread 2000]   Start            End              Perm    Label              Image
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555554000 - 00555555847000   r-x     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555856000 - 0055555587c000   r--     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555587c000 - 0055555588f000   rw-     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555588f000 - 00555555891000   rwx     [hook_mem]        
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dd6000 - 007fffb7dd7000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dd7000 - 007fffb7dda000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dda000 - 007fffb7ddb000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ddb000 - 007fffb7ddc000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ddc000 - 007fffb7de0000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de0000 - 007fffb7de1000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de1000 - 007fffb7de2000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de2000 - 007fffb7de3000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de3000 - 007fffb7de4000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de5000 - 007fffb7de6000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de6000 - 007fffb7de7000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de7000 - 007fffb7de8000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de8000 - 007fffb7de9000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de9000 - 007fffb7dea000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dea000 - 007fffb7deb000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7deb000 - 007fffb7dec000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dec000 - 007fffb7ded000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ded000 - 007fffb7dee000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dee000 - 007fffb7def000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7def000 - 007fffb7df0000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7df0000 - 007fffb7df1000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7df1000 - 007fffb7df2000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e31000 - 007fffb7e32000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e32000 - 007fffb7e33000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e4b000 - 007fffb7f0e000   r-x     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f0e000 - 007fffb7f1d000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f1d000 - 007fffb7f23000   r--     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f23000 - 007fffb7f26000   rw-     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f26000 - 007fffb7f34000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f5d000 - 007fffb7f5e000   r-x     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f5e000 - 007fffb7f6d000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f6d000 - 007fffb7f6e000   r--     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f6e000 - 007fffb7f6f000   rw-     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f81000 - 007fffb8058000   r-x     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8058000 - 007fffb8067000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8067000 - 007fffb806e000   r--     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb806e000 - 007fffb806f000   rw-     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb806f000 - 007fffb8072000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80b5000 - 007fffb80ed000   r-x     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80ed000 - 007fffb80fd000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80fd000 - 007fffb80fe000   r--     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80fe000 - 007fffb80ff000   rw-     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8106000 - 007fffb8122000   r-x     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8122000 - 007fffb8131000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8131000 - 007fffb8132000   r--     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8132000 - 007fffb8133000   rw-     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8160000 - 007fffb8165000   r-x     [mmap] liblog.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8165000 - 007fffb8174000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8174000 - 007fffb8175000   r--     [mmap] liblog.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8175000 - 007fffb8176000   rw-     [mmap] liblog.so  
...
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\qiling\core.py", line 771, in emu_start
    self.uc.emu_start(begin, end, timeout, count)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site-packages\unicorn\unicorn.py", line 547, in emu_start
    raise UcError(status)
unicorn.unicorn.UcError: Invalid memory fetch (UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED)
[x] [Thread 2000]   v28 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v29 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v30 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   v31 : 0x0
[x] [Thread 2000]   PC = 0x0000000000000000 (unreachable)
 
[x] [Thread 2000]   Memory map:
[x] [Thread 2000]   Start            End              Perm    Label              Image
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555554000 - 00555555847000   r-x     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   00555555856000 - 0055555587c000   r--     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555587c000 - 0055555588f000   rw-     libxx.so           E:\gitRepo\qiling\examples\rootfs\arm64_linux\bin\libxx.so
[x] [Thread 2000]   0055555588f000 - 00555555891000   rwx     [hook_mem]        
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dd6000 - 007fffb7dd7000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dd7000 - 007fffb7dda000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dda000 - 007fffb7ddb000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ddb000 - 007fffb7ddc000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ddc000 - 007fffb7de0000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de0000 - 007fffb7de1000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de1000 - 007fffb7de2000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de2000 - 007fffb7de3000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de3000 - 007fffb7de4000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de5000 - 007fffb7de6000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de6000 - 007fffb7de7000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de7000 - 007fffb7de8000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de8000 - 007fffb7de9000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7de9000 - 007fffb7dea000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dea000 - 007fffb7deb000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7deb000 - 007fffb7dec000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dec000 - 007fffb7ded000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7ded000 - 007fffb7dee000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7dee000 - 007fffb7def000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7def000 - 007fffb7df0000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7df0000 - 007fffb7df1000   r--     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7df1000 - 007fffb7df2000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e31000 - 007fffb7e32000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e32000 - 007fffb7e33000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7e4b000 - 007fffb7f0e000   r-x     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f0e000 - 007fffb7f1d000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f1d000 - 007fffb7f23000   r--     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f23000 - 007fffb7f26000   rw-     [mmap] libc.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f26000 - 007fffb7f34000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f5d000 - 007fffb7f5e000   r-x     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f5e000 - 007fffb7f6d000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f6d000 - 007fffb7f6e000   r--     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f6e000 - 007fffb7f6f000   rw-     [mmap] libdl.so   
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb7f81000 - 007fffb8058000   r-x     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8058000 - 007fffb8067000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8067000 - 007fffb806e000   r--     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb806e000 - 007fffb806f000   rw-     [mmap] libc++.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb806f000 - 007fffb8072000   rw-     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80b5000 - 007fffb80ed000   r-x     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80ed000 - 007fffb80fd000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80fd000 - 007fffb80fe000   r--     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb80fe000 - 007fffb80ff000   rw-     [mmap] libm.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8106000 - 007fffb8122000   r-x     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8122000 - 007fffb8131000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8131000 - 007fffb8132000   r--     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8132000 - 007fffb8133000   rw-     [mmap] libz.so    
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8160000 - 007fffb8165000   r-x     [mmap] liblog.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8165000 - 007fffb8174000   ---     [mmap anonymous]  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8174000 - 007fffb8175000   r--     [mmap] liblog.so  
[x] [Thread 2000]   007fffb8175000 - 007fffb8176000   rw-     [mmap] liblog.so  
...

[招生]科锐逆向工程师培训(2024年11月15日实地,远程教学同时开班, 第51期)

最后于 2024-7-26 00:23 被coneco编辑 ,原因: 优化描述语句
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感谢分享
2024-7-25 18:30
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好文章,就是少了样本
2024-7-25 20:10
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大佬
2024-7-25 22:58
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msec.so吗
2024-7-25 23:01
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请问能否用frida-stalker直接trace vmp这种呢
2024-7-25 23:34
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mb_jzzpjlfi msec.so吗

不记得了,以前获取到的so,最近拿来学习一下别人的加密算法。

最后于 2024-7-26 00:25 被coneco编辑 ,原因:
2024-7-26 00:24
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mb_ldbucrik 请问能否用frida-stalker直接trace vmp这种呢
frida-stalker是动态hook的,需要aarch64的真实环境来运行so,所以是可以用它来trace每条指令,只是场景是手机(真机)+frida。
这里是模拟执行,然后打印trace,道理是一致的。只是模拟执行的执行环境更加稳定,且可以很方便地保存执行环境并恢复,哪里出错了,就修复哪里,然后继续执行;但如果是frida hook真机的方法,就需要来回不断重启测试过程。
2024-7-26 00:39
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coneco frida-stalker是动态hook的,需要aarch64的真实环境来运行so,所以是可以用它来trace每条指令,只是场景是手机(真机)+frida。 这里是模拟执行,然后打印trace,道理 ...
嗯frida stalker确实会存在很多bug,尤其处理大型函数会崩溃,希望大佬后期出一期frida stalker trace的文章,还有就是这个qiling是否可以模拟flutter的相关so,然后进行trace呢
2024-7-26 09:41
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mb_ldbucrik 嗯frida stalker确实会存在很多bug,尤其处理大型函数会崩溃,希望大佬后期出一期frida stalker trace的文章,还有就是这个qiling是否可以模拟flutter的相关so, ...
flutter没有试过,只要对应平台的加载环境准备好,然后模拟qiling不支持的一些设备等,按理都是可以模拟执行的。
2024-7-26 09:53
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好的,可能补环境的依赖会比较多,有时间试试,可能与框架并没太大关系,我看pc vmp的trace 框架用的Triton,因为安卓逆向vmp的资料较少,我在想可否借鉴pc vmp的一些思路呢
2024-7-26 10:36
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mb_ldbucrik 好的,可能补环境的依赖会比较多,有时间试试,可能与框架并没太大关系,我看pc vmp的trace 框架用的Triton,因为安卓逆向vmp的资料较少,我在想可否借鉴pc vmp的一些思路呢
嗯嗯,思路都是一样的,打trace、分析、优化、识别handler,最后分析逻辑。
2024-7-26 11:05
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好的,感谢大佬解答
2024-7-26 12:51
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怎么没有看到补环境呢,,这个框架也是也要补么
2024-7-26 14:13
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补环境就是so依赖的一些安卓的库,libm.so之类的,文章中有提到。本次分析的so因为不涉及JNIEnv,所以不需要补其他安卓的运行环境。
2024-7-26 14:18
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ARM64的ubuntu有一个幽兰代码本,可以通过安装waydroid直接运行安卓环境,淘宝可以买,不过有点小贵,算是勉强可用的状态:https://nanocode.cn/#/yl/index
2024-7-26 18:04
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mb_tcheuwvg ARM64的ubuntu有一个幽兰代码本,可以通过安装waydroid直接运行安卓环境,淘宝可以买,不过有点小贵,算是勉强可用的状态:https://nanocode.cn/#/yl/index

你说的是张银奎老师的幽兰本吗,感谢提醒,值得参考,确实有点小贵。

最后于 2024-7-26 18:27 被coneco编辑 ,原因:
2024-7-26 18:18
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对于这个样本的 目标函数,  控制流程图  长得 很像 ollvm 平坦化, 大佬 ,是怎么 确定 它是一个 vmp的呢 
2024-8-7 21:19
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mb_zfqvurgb 对于这个样本的 目标函数, 控制流程图 长得 很像 ollvm 平坦化, 大佬 ,是怎么 确定 它是一个 vmp的呢
模拟执行几轮,发现有dispatcher、很多handler和虚拟栈;且没有平坦化的index赋值和switch(index)的结构,所以就基本可以判定是虚拟机了。
2024-8-8 13:44
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好的好的大佬
,我去样本 里验证一下
2024-8-8 14:56
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大佬,你这个def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]:
    #...
    def addr_27FB4_hook(ql: Qiling) -> None:
            # 如果是检测第一个程序表元素,且不是程序头表
            if ql.arch.regs.X11 == 0 and ql.arch.regs.W12 == 1:
                phdr_vir_addr = ql.arch.regs.X8
                poffset_addr = ql.arch.regs.x10
                write_base = ql.arch.regs.X19是怎么找到的,现在我模拟了下,用我自己linker64一直卡在+0x10地址找不到,不知道怎么弄
2024-9-4 16:55
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gtict 大佬,你这个def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]: #... def addr_27FB4_hook( ...

每个linker版本不一样的话,对应的寄存器分配就不一样了,但是代码结构基本还是一致的。


 你的情况下,这个“Could not find a PHDR”字符串应该没有,不过如图,前面的program_header_table的解析是有的,你把这部分逻辑模拟执行以下,大概就知道对应寄存器的关系了。分析时我专门对比了两个linker64的这部分逻辑,基本是一样的。记得+0x10那里你得设置为phdr_vir_addr-0x40, phdr_vir_addr为PHDR的内存地址,而0x40是p_offset或者p_vaddr,具体是哪个得看对应的linker64编译的结果了。p_offset和p_vaddr的意义看下图:

2024-9-5 10:10
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gtict 大佬,你这个def custom_continue(self, ql: Qiling) -> List[HookRet]: #... def addr_27FB4_hook( ...

或者你也可以直接用我当时测试用的linker64。

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