精确率PRE:mmdthash = ssdeep = vhash > tlsh

基于本篇的测试结果,在mmdthash阈值取0.95,ssdeep阈值取0.8,tlsh阈值取0.8的前提下,敏感哈希效果的综合排序如下:
tlsh > mmdthash > ssdeep > vhash
四类敏感哈希一览:
基于python_mmdt:KNN机器学习分类结果测试分析(五)文章中的mmdthash测试数据及测试结果,对ssdeep、tlsh、vhash进行对比测试。即计算mmdthash关联出的两个样本之间的ssdeep、tlsh、vhash相似度,并统计分析相关的异常值、精确度、召回率、精确率,从而得出敏感哈希算法之间的对比结果。
说明:ssdeep和tlsh在Windows上的安装比较折腾,测试直接在树莓派的Linux环境上进行。
ssdeep安装:
或者,如果linux的编译环境比较全(包含automake等工具),可以直接通过pip安装ssdeep的模糊哈希库:BUILD_LIB=1 pip install ssdeep
利用python的ssdeep库计算785个测试文件的ssdeep值,并使用json格式保存在文件中,代码如下:
ssdeep计算结果示例如下:
tlsh安装:pip install py-tlsh
利用python的tlsh库计算785个测试文件的tlsh值,并使用json格式保存在文件中,代码如下:
tlsh计算结果示例如下:
virustotal没有开源vhash的计算方法,目前只能通过virustotal的web api接口进行查询。通过virustotal的接口,同时可以获取到对应文件的ssdeep和tlsh值(估计tlsh上virustotal的时间比较短,一些老样本会缺失tlsh值)。virustotal的api文档点击这里,可以直接在页面上对接口进行测试以及生成对应开发语言的代码,使用非常方便。
注册virustotal的账户,申请api_key请参考virustotal的文档,几分钟即可完成。使用api接口进行查询的时候,注意查询频率限制。
使用python查询virustotal的代码如下:
vhash查询结果如下:
使用python_mmdt:KNN机器学习分类结果测试分析(五))中的测试结果。
将上述计算过程生成的ssdeep_test.json、tlsh_test.json、vhash_test.json、mmdthash_test.json文件中的数据,按字典形式,整合至ssdeep_tlsh_vhash_mmdthash_test.json文件中,示例如下:
使用python_mmdt:KNN机器学习分类结果测试分析(五))中的mmdthash分类结果作为依据,计算关联文件之间的ssdeep、tlsh、vhash的相似度值。计算过程有3点需要注意:
对比计算代码如下:
涉及的相关文件及下载地址:
ssdeep_tlsh_vhash_mmdthash_test.xlsx示例数据如下:

如前文所述,我们使用mmdthash的检出结果作为基线,对ssdeep、tlsh、vhash的结果进行对比。
mmdthash检出结果对比
mmdthash相似度阈值取0.95,相似度按从大到小排序,前133个文件是检出为恶意的文件,其中132个检测正确,为恶意文件,最后一个检测错误,恶意家族检测分类结果不一致。

mmdthash未检出结果对比
mmdthash相似度阈值取0.95,相似度按从大到小排序,后267个文件为未检出的文件,其中有200个检测正确,为干净文件,有67个检测错误,将恶意文件预测为干净文件。

对比
通过人工分析异常点对应的样本,mmdthash阈值取0.95,ssdeep阈值取0.8,tlsh阈值取0.8,得到统计数据如下:
如图所示:

在上述mmdthash阈值取0.95,ssdeep阈值取0.8,tlsh阈值取0.8的前提下,可得出如下结论:
综上,基于本篇的测试结果,敏感哈希效果的综合考虑如下:
tlsh > mmdthash > ssdeep > vhash
其他文件占比2%

为体现差异,特意在低性能的树莓派上执行,耗时如下:

import os
import sys
import hashlib
import json
import ssdeep
def list_dir(root_dir):
files = os.listdir(root_dir)
for f in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root_dir, f)
yield file_path
def gen_sha1(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = hashlib.sha1()
_s.update(s)
return _s.hexdigest()
def main():
file_path = sys.argv[1]
ssdeep_dict = dict()
for file_name in list_dir(file_path):
file_sha1 = gen_sha1(file_name)
ssdeep_hash = ssdeep.hash_from_file(file_name)
print('%s,%s' % (file_sha1, ssdeep_hash))
ssdeep_dict[file_sha1] = ssdeep_hash
with open('ssdeep_test.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(json.dumps(ssdeep_dict, indent=4))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
import os
import sys
import hashlib
import json
import ssdeep
def list_dir(root_dir):
files = os.listdir(root_dir)
for f in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root_dir, f)
yield file_path
def gen_sha1(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = hashlib.sha1()
_s.update(s)
return _s.hexdigest()
def main():
file_path = sys.argv[1]
ssdeep_dict = dict()
for file_name in list_dir(file_path):
file_sha1 = gen_sha1(file_name)
ssdeep_hash = ssdeep.hash_from_file(file_name)
print('%s,%s' % (file_sha1, ssdeep_hash))
ssdeep_dict[file_sha1] = ssdeep_hash
with open('ssdeep_test.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(json.dumps(ssdeep_dict, indent=4))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
cat ssdeep_test.json
{
"0ec279513e9e8a0e8f6e7c170b9462b60d9888c6": "6144:w9qaZ5E6fCvH5H42SUiTV2MTb54y94HTFboTWhmzeOws:w9d96yeKV2MTb5X4zZQWhmqd",
"0ad6db9128353742b3d4c8a5fc1993ca8bf399f1": "1536:NxiIXeGNc0BL0IFx34bPMkG/KsrKlEqjjPWUJ7h/dbZkv13t43O:eIXeGNtV0KIQjr5ehlbSv13t43O",
"e3dc592a0fa552beb35ebcb4160e5e4cb4686f17": "1536:qKXppRU0D2KmMESllkQSp5jcUyT/jAdp/hsonBqar5mVNCG:JpGjKm9fQSp5sjAfAa1mVMG",
"c8e1100b1e38e5c5e671a23cd49d98e315b74a36": "3072:XwZcFNCpegr+L3Y5D+LRohyOBGbNc8GMmE/A9VpGLGWtQeGwX1gnuZPZc2:XHCNEY5D+LfOi3GbE/AsAeGwXwc5",
"0ae0cba5b411541cc8d9f94e01151fec9d6b9242": "384:enXKs1aOcWkZ1WgoELXuf9OO5GD+IGA4p1XMWfg7CF:enp1aOasDOOM+ut",
......
}
cat ssdeep_test.json
{
"0ec279513e9e8a0e8f6e7c170b9462b60d9888c6": "6144:w9qaZ5E6fCvH5H42SUiTV2MTb54y94HTFboTWhmzeOws:w9d96yeKV2MTb5X4zZQWhmqd",
"0ad6db9128353742b3d4c8a5fc1993ca8bf399f1": "1536:NxiIXeGNc0BL0IFx34bPMkG/KsrKlEqjjPWUJ7h/dbZkv13t43O:eIXeGNtV0KIQjr5ehlbSv13t43O",
"e3dc592a0fa552beb35ebcb4160e5e4cb4686f17": "1536:qKXppRU0D2KmMESllkQSp5jcUyT/jAdp/hsonBqar5mVNCG:JpGjKm9fQSp5sjAfAa1mVMG",
"c8e1100b1e38e5c5e671a23cd49d98e315b74a36": "3072:XwZcFNCpegr+L3Y5D+LRohyOBGbNc8GMmE/A9VpGLGWtQeGwX1gnuZPZc2:XHCNEY5D+LfOi3GbE/AsAeGwXwc5",
"0ae0cba5b411541cc8d9f94e01151fec9d6b9242": "384:enXKs1aOcWkZ1WgoELXuf9OO5GD+IGA4p1XMWfg7CF:enp1aOasDOOM+ut",
......
}
import os
import sys
import hashlib
import json
import tlsh
def list_dir(root_dir):
files = os.listdir(root_dir)
for f in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root_dir, f)
yield file_path
def gen_sha1(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = hashlib.sha1()
_s.update(s)
return _s.hexdigest()
def gen_tlsh(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = tlsh.hash(s)
return _s
def main():
file_path = sys.argv[1]
tlsh_dict = dict()
for file_name in list_dir(file_path):
file_sha1 = gen_sha1(file_name)
tlsh_hash = gen_tlsh(file_name)
print('%s,%s' % (file_sha1, tlsh_hash))
tlsh_dict[file_sha1] = tlsh_hash
with open('tlsh_test.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(json.dumps(tlsh_dict, indent=4))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
import os
import sys
import hashlib
import json
import tlsh
def list_dir(root_dir):
files = os.listdir(root_dir)
for f in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root_dir, f)
yield file_path
def gen_sha1(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = hashlib.sha1()
_s.update(s)
return _s.hexdigest()
def gen_tlsh(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as f:
s = f.read()
_s = tlsh.hash(s)
return _s
def main():
file_path = sys.argv[1]
tlsh_dict = dict()
for file_name in list_dir(file_path):
file_sha1 = gen_sha1(file_name)
tlsh_hash = gen_tlsh(file_name)
print('%s,%s' % (file_sha1, tlsh_hash))
tlsh_dict[file_sha1] = tlsh_hash
with open('tlsh_test.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(json.dumps(tlsh_dict, indent=4))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
cat tlsh_test.json
{
"0ec279513e9e8a0e8f6e7c170b9462b60d9888c6": "T1616423D5248C5DF8E251CCF4C73AB60493EADA48BF516B75BDD9C2692FF2480C93A214",
"0ad6db9128353742b3d4c8a5fc1993ca8bf399f1": "T13D73024483EBEDA8EE040AB0124C43B9CBAD8D1B7659653DFD3864D1FC064AE47269A6",
"e3dc592a0fa552beb35ebcb4160e5e4cb4686f17": "T1CF93293D766924E5E139C17CC5474E0AF772B025071227EF06A4C2BE1F97BE06C39AA5",
"c8e1100b1e38e5c5e671a23cd49d98e315b74a36": "T17F34391A57EC0465F1B7923589B34919F233B8625731E2DF109082BC2E27FD8BE36B56",
"0ae0cba5b411541cc8d9f94e01151fec9d6b9242": "T12D5208C71F69F7D4C19F85F84A3B623E1EA4616A6111412057DD3E92BC1C3DBFA2A09C",
......
}
cat tlsh_test.json
{
"0ec279513e9e8a0e8f6e7c170b9462b60d9888c6": "T1616423D5248C5DF8E251CCF4C73AB60493EADA48BF516B75BDD9C2692FF2480C93A214",
"0ad6db9128353742b3d4c8a5fc1993ca8bf399f1": "T13D73024483EBEDA8EE040AB0124C43B9CBAD8D1B7659653DFD3864D1FC064AE47269A6",
"e3dc592a0fa552beb35ebcb4160e5e4cb4686f17": "T1CF93293D766924E5E139C17CC5474E0AF772B025071227EF06A4C2BE1F97BE06C39AA5",
"c8e1100b1e38e5c5e671a23cd49d98e315b74a36": "T17F34391A57EC0465F1B7923589B34919F233B8625731E2DF109082BC2E27FD8BE36B56",
"0ae0cba5b411541cc8d9f94e01151fec9d6b9242": "T12D5208C71F69F7D4C19F85F84A3B623E1EA4616A6111412057DD3E92BC1C3DBFA2A09C",
......
}
import sys
import json
import requests
from time import sleep
x_apikey = 'xxxx'
def read_hash(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
datas = f.readlines()
return [file_hash.strip() for file_hash in datas]
def parse_vt_report(vt_report_json):
attributes = vt_report_json.get('data', {}).get('attributes', {})
parse_data = dict()
if attributes:
parse_data['vhash'] = attributes.get('vhash', '')
parse_data['magic'] = attributes.get('magic', '')
parse_data['tlsh'] = attributes.get('tlsh', '')
parse_data['ssdeep'] = attributes.get('ssdeep', '')
return parse_data
def vt_search(sha1_hash):
url = "202K9s2c8@1M7s2y4Q4x3@1q4Q4x3V1k6Q4x3V1k6%4N6%4N6Q4x3X3g2$3K9i4u0#2M7%4c8G2N6r3q4D9i4K6u0W2j5$3!0E0i4K6u0r3j5i4m8A6i4K6u0r3N6U0y4Q4x3V1k6X3K9h3I4W2M7#2)9J5c8W2)9%4b7W2)9%4c8l9`.`.".format(sha1_hash)
headers = {
"Accept": "application/json",
"x-apikey": x_apikey
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
try:
parse_data = parse_vt_report(response.json())
except Exception as e:
print('error: %s, reason: %s' % (sha1_hash, str(e)))
return parse_data
def main():
file_path = sys.argv[1]
vhash_dict = dict()
file_hashs = read_hash(file_path)
for file_hash in file_hashs:
parse_data = vt_search(file_hash)
print('%s,%s' % (file_hash, json.dumps(parse_data)))
if parse_data:
vhash_dict[file_hash] = parse_data
else:
break
sleep(1)
with open('vhash_test.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(json.dumps(vhash_dict, indent=4))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
import sys
import json
import requests
from time import sleep
x_apikey = 'xxxx'
def read_hash(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
datas = f.readlines()
return [file_hash.strip() for file_hash in datas]
def parse_vt_report(vt_report_json):
attributes = vt_report_json.get('data', {}).get('attributes', {})
parse_data = dict()
if attributes:
parse_data['vhash'] = attributes.get('vhash', '')
parse_data['magic'] = attributes.get('magic', '')
parse_data['tlsh'] = attributes.get('tlsh', '')
parse_data['ssdeep'] = attributes.get('ssdeep', '')
return parse_data
def vt_search(sha1_hash):
url = "e3cK9s2c8@1M7s2y4Q4x3@1q4Q4x3V1k6Q4x3V1k6%4N6%4N6Q4x3X3g2$3K9i4u0#2M7%4c8G2N6r3q4D9i4K6u0W2j5$3!0E0i4K6u0r3j5i4m8A6i4K6u0r3N6U0y4Q4x3V1k6X3K9h3I4W2M7#2)9J5c8W2)9%4b7W2)9%4c8l9`.`.".format(sha1_hash)
headers = {
"Accept": "application/json",
"x-apikey": x_apikey
}
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
try:
parse_data = parse_vt_report(response.json())
except Exception as e:
print('error: %s, reason: %s' % (sha1_hash, str(e)))
return parse_data
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