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[原创]第五题 紧急救援 by k1ee
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发表于: 2020-11-28 03:21
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我真的没做过虚拟机题，这题套了4层虚拟机，属实给力，不能再用以前的手打虚拟机方法了，必须程序化。首先拖入IDA分析。
输入一段Hex Text，转为Hex Bytes。
建立缓冲区，复制虚拟机指令到如图位置。随后按以下结构体构造了虚拟机的参数
随后传入第一个虚拟机上下文参数(vm_sub)开始执行虚拟机，并由结果进行输出。
进入虚拟机函数，废话和弯路我就不多说了，直接分析可知
这是典型的压栈，再看后续指令
基本都是通过堆栈进行计算。经过两天的弯路后，我最终决定通过KeyStone还原各层虚拟机的源码。由于1，2，3层虚拟机的指令仅仅是替换而已，因此这里只分析第1层。（Butterfly为第0层，三个Buffer分别是1、2、3层，最后一层是关键代码）
只需要模仿通常静态分析手段扫过去就行了，然后按照对应OpCode生成汇编，然后再进行编译，贴上源码
需要注意的是，除了第1层的40和42，以及后续层的这两个位置的指令，其他各层都相同，因此分析后面的只需要改一下case就行了。额外，第2、3层的这两个指令加了不少其他代码，但是我发现不对增加的代码进行增补也可以解题，后面细说。除此之外，还需要注意把lea esp的地方改为add/sub esp，不然IDA不认（非标准
分析完4层指令后，贴上关键的反编译函数。
第1层
第2层
第3层
最终分析目标函数（第4层）
首先获取了前面几层的指令指针
这里其实调用了memcpy系列函数，不过被优化了，由于我偷懒，并没有为每层更改memcpy，memset系列函数的实现，因此看到这个指令，就可以认为调用了Host的那个地方的函数，转而看前面层的代码就可以了。在这里，经过提取分析，得到这里memcpy对前4字节的CRC32
经过爆破，可以得出前4字节为AE CC C0 DE。
随后分析下一个函数
这里修改了上层Host的指令，可以看出是修改了一些立即数（前后对照），因此在还原函数的时候稍加注意即可，对于第一个memset，提炼出关键校验函数有：
sub_E21完成了某种变换，可以通过爆破还原，并计算了一个值(D540)避免多解，随后由于前4字节已经计算出，带偏移传入sub_109A
前14个字节以及15字节的低2位变成10*10矩阵，随后初始化棋盘，使用sub_1517进行解密。
完成的是根据输入，从左上角依次访问棋盘，并对访问位置及其相邻的元素进行异或，最终使得全1变为全0。这里算法不多说，可以去看文章。完成求解
此时根据这里的防止多解，完成前8个int的求解
最后分析最后6个int，和前面棋盘大同小异，192比特的前190比特以三角形的方式放入矩阵，并将三角形复制8次填满矩阵，然后求解使得棋盘翻转。
*v6 == 2指的是剩余2比特（高2位），因此求解该矩阵
最终完成求解
拿脚本解出来
因此最终Flag为
struct vm_sub{ int param1; //6, 6, 6, 3
int param2; //ins1, ins2, ins3, input_hex
char* vm_ins;
int size;
int idk_0;
int id;
int idk7;
int idk8;
};struct vm_fin{ unsigned char* input_hex;
int* len_buf;
vm_sub* vmsub;
};struct vm_context{ vm_sub subs[4];
vm_fin fin;
};struct vm_sub{ int param1; //6, 6, 6, 3
int param2; //ins1, ins2, ins3, input_hex
char* vm_ins;
int size;
int idk_0;
int id;
int idk7;
int idk8;
};struct vm_fin{ unsigned char* input_hex;
int* len_buf;
vm_sub* vmsub;
};struct vm_context{ vm_sub subs[4];
vm_fin fin;
};#include <keystone/keystone.h>...void disassembly_vm1(vm_sub* ctx)
{ char* eip = ctx->vm_ins;
char* esp = eip + 2 * ctx->size;
ks_engine* ks;
ks_err err;
err = ks_open(KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_32, &ks);
if (err != KS_ERR_OK)
{
cout << "Keystone open error." << endl;
return;
}
ostringstream dasm = ostringstream();
dasm << "push 6;" << endl;
dasm << "push 0x20000;" << endl;
dasm << "call vmins_0;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_ret;" << endl;
while (eip < ctx->vm_ins + 0x792)
{
int vm_offset = eip - ctx->vm_ins;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << ":" << endl;
int ins = *eip++;
switch (ins)
{
case 17:
{
dasm << "push ebx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 1:
{
uint8_t off = (uint8_t)*eip++;
dasm << "xor eax, eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov al, " << (int)off << ";" << endl;
dasm << "lea ebx, [ebp+eax*4-400h];" << endl;
break;
}
case 13:
{
dasm << "mov ebx, [ebx];" << endl;
break;
}
case 3:
{
ecx = (uint8_t)*eip++;
dasm << "mov ebx, " << (int)ecx << ";" << endl;
break;
}
case 8:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
dasm << "test ebx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jz vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + 4) << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 21:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jnz vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 15:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov [edx], ebx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 6:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
//In disassembly mode we do not jump, but skip this instruction.
//eip += off;
if (off != 4)
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 29:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "add ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 30:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "sub eax, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 14:
{
dasm << "xor ecx, ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov cl, [ebx];" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 31:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "imul ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 16:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov [eax], bl;" << endl;
dasm << "movsx ebx, bl;" << endl;
break;
}
case 33:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "div ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 23:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jnb vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 32:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "div ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 24:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp edx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jbe vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 18:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "or ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 28:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "shr eax, cl;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 20:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "and ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 19:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "xor ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 27:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "shl edx, cl;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 22:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp eax, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jz vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 26:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jb vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 0:
{
uint8_t off = (uint8_t)*eip++;
//ecx = (uint32_t)&eax[4 * off];
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov dl, " << (int)off << ";" << endl;
dasm << "lea ebx, [ebp+edx*4];" << endl;
break;
}
case 11:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
//esp += 4 * off;
dasm << "mov eax, " << (int)(off * 4) << ";" << endl;
dasm << "add esp, eax;" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 4:
{
ecx = *(uint32_t*)eip;
eip += 4;
dasm << "mov ebx, " << (int)ecx << ";" << endl;
break;
}
case 40:
{
//We do not execute
//char* buf = (char*)*((uint32_t*)esp + 2);
//uint32_t size = *(uint32_t*)esp;
//ecx = (uint32_t)buf;
//memset(buf, esp[4], size + (size & 3));
//eax = ebx;
dasm << "mov ecx, [esp+0];" << endl;
dasm << "xor eax, eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov al, [esp+4];" << endl;
dasm << "mov edi, [esp+8];" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edi;" << endl;
dasm << "rep stosb;" << endl;
break;
}
case 42:
{
//We do not execute
//ecx = (uint32_t) * ((uint32_t*)esp + 2);
//memcpy((void*)*((uint32_t*)esp + 2), (void*)*((uint32_t*)esp + 1), *((uint32_t*)esp));
//eax = ebx;
dasm << "mov ecx, [esp+0];" << endl;
dasm << "mov edi, [esp+8];" << endl;
dasm << "mov esi, [esp+4];" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edi;" << endl;
dasm << "rep movsb;" << endl;
break;
}
case 9:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
dasm << "test ebx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jz vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + 4) << ";" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 2:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
//ecx = (uint32_t)&eax[4 * off];
eip += 4;
dasm << "mov ecx, " << (int)off << ";" << endl;
dasm << "lea ebx, [ebp+ecx*4];" << endl;
break;
}
case 7:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
//push(esp, (uint32_t)eip + 4);
//In disassembly mode we do not jump, but skip this instruction.
//eip += off;
dasm << "call vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 10:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
dasm << "push ebp;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebp, esp;" << endl;
dasm << "sub esp, " << off * 4 << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 12: // return
{
dasm << "mov eax, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov esp, ebp;" << endl;
dasm << "pop ebp;" << endl;
dasm << "ret;" << endl;
break;
}
case 43:
{
dasm << "mov eax, [esp];" << endl;
dasm << "ret;" << endl;
goto finished;
}
default:
{
cout << "Error";
break;
}
}
}
finished: dasm << "vmins_ret:" << endl;
dasm << "push ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov eax, [esp];" << endl;
dasm << "ret;" << endl;
unsigned char* output;
size_t outlen = 0;
size_t outcnt = 0;
string disasm = dasm.str();
ofstream fout = ofstream("./disasm_vm1.txt", ios_base::ate);
fout << disasm;
fout.flush();
fout.close();
const char* code = disasm.c_str();
if (ks_asm(ks, code, 0, &output, &outlen, &outcnt) != KS_ERR_OK)
{
ks_err err = ks_errno(ks);
cout << err;
}
fout = ofstream("./disasm_vm1.bin", ios_base::ate | ios_base::binary);
fout.write((const char*)output, outlen);
fout.flush();
fout.close();
ks_free(output);
ks_close(ks);
}#include <keystone/keystone.h>...void disassembly_vm1(vm_sub* ctx)
{ char* eip = ctx->vm_ins;
char* esp = eip + 2 * ctx->size;
ks_engine* ks;
ks_err err;
err = ks_open(KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_32, &ks);
if (err != KS_ERR_OK)
{
cout << "Keystone open error." << endl;
return;
}
ostringstream dasm = ostringstream();
dasm << "push 6;" << endl;
dasm << "push 0x20000;" << endl;
dasm << "call vmins_0;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_ret;" << endl;
while (eip < ctx->vm_ins + 0x792)
{
int vm_offset = eip - ctx->vm_ins;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << ":" << endl;
int ins = *eip++;
switch (ins)
{
case 17:
{
dasm << "push ebx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 1:
{
uint8_t off = (uint8_t)*eip++;
dasm << "xor eax, eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov al, " << (int)off << ";" << endl;
dasm << "lea ebx, [ebp+eax*4-400h];" << endl;
break;
}
case 13:
{
dasm << "mov ebx, [ebx];" << endl;
break;
}
case 3:
{
ecx = (uint8_t)*eip++;
dasm << "mov ebx, " << (int)ecx << ";" << endl;
break;
}
case 8:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
dasm << "test ebx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jz vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + 4) << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 21:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jnz vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 15:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov [edx], ebx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 6:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
//In disassembly mode we do not jump, but skip this instruction.
//eip += off;
if (off != 4)
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << (int)(vm_offset + 1 + off) << ";" << endl;
eip += 4;
break;
}
case 29:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "add ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 30:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "sub eax, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 14:
{
dasm << "xor ecx, ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov cl, [ebx];" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 31:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "imul ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 16:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov [eax], bl;" << endl;
dasm << "movsx ebx, bl;" << endl;
break;
}
case 33:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "div ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 23:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jnb vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 32:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "div ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 24:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp edx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jbe vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 18:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "or ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 28:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "shr eax, cl;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, eax;" << endl;
break;
}
case 20:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "and ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 19:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "xor ebx, ecx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 27:
{
dasm << "pop edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "shl edx, cl;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, edx;" << endl;
break;
}
case 22:
{
dasm << "pop eax;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp eax, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jz vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 26:
{
dasm << "pop ecx;" << endl;
dasm << "cmp ecx, ebx;" << endl;
dasm << "jb vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0;" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 1;" << endl;
dasm << "jmp vmins_" << vm_offset + 1 << ";" << endl;
dasm << "vmins_" << vm_offset << "set0:" << endl;
dasm << "mov ebx, 0;" << endl;
break;
}
case 0:
{
uint8_t off = (uint8_t)*eip++;
//ecx = (uint32_t)&eax[4 * off];
dasm << "xor edx, edx;" << endl;
dasm << "mov dl, " << (int)off << ";" << endl;
dasm << "lea ebx, [ebp+edx*4];" << endl;
break;
}
case 11:
{
uint32_t off = *(uint32_t*)eip;
[招生]科锐逆向工程师培训(2025年3月11日实地，远程教学同时开班, 第52期)！
最后于 2020-11-28 18:08
被k1ee编辑
，原因： 修正描述错误
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