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EMET下EAF机制分析以及模拟实现
发表于: 2022-9-5 20:51 13591

EMET下EAF机制分析以及模拟实现

2022-9-5 20:51
13591

简单分析了一下EAF机制,主要是参考了一下github上面的项目然后自己重写了一个EMET模拟程序,这是EAF的分析部分。第一次发帖,有写的不对的地方请大家多多包涵。
代码的话看一下伪代码和实现流程就好了。因为具体实现的时候是和其他机制一起写的,所以看起来有点奇怪。

​ Enhanced Migigation Experience Toolkit(增强的缓解体验工具包)。EMET试图缓解漏洞攻击的影响,通过引入以下这些保护措施来实现缓解攻击的影响:

​ 数据执行保护(DEP)、结构化异常处理程序覆盖保护(SEHOP) 、空页面保护(NullPage) 、堆喷射保护(HeapSpray) 、导出地址表访问过滤(EAF)导出地址表访问过滤增强版(EAF+) 、强制地址空间布局随机化(MandatoryASLR) 、由低而上的地址空间布局随机化(BottomUpASLR) 、Load Library 保护(LoadLib) 、内存保护(MemProt) 、ROP 调用者检查(Caller) 、ROP 模拟执行流(SimExecFlow)、堆栈支点(StackPivot) 、减少攻击面(ASR)

​ Export Address Table Access Filtering(导出地址表访问过滤),可以对访问导出地址表(EAT)的调用代码设置规则。

​ 为了调用 API,shellcode 需要找到API加载的地址。通常shellcode会遍历所有已加载模块的导出地址表,寻找包含有用api的模块。通常涉及kernel32.dll,ntdll.dll 或 kernelbase.dll三个模块。EAF机制限制对Export Address Table (EAT)的读访问,一旦shellcode访问EAT,操作将被堵塞。

1.调用AddVectoredExceptionHandler注册异常处理函数

2.获得三个重要模块(kernel32.dll,ntdll.dll,kernelbase.dll)EAT地址

3.在上述获得的地址处加上内存断点

​ 内存断点:调用VirtualProtect将关注的模块相应地址处加上页面保护属性PAGE_GUARD

4.当有shellcode访问被保护地址时,引发STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION (0x80000001)

​ STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION异常:如果程序尝试访问保护页中的地址,系统将引发STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION (0x80000001) 异常。系统还会清除PAGE_GUARD修饰符,从而删除内存页的防护页状态

5.进入异常处理函数,在异常处理函数中获取发生异常的指令的地址,获得该地址所在的模块名,若不在白名单内,即为违规操作,调用TerminateProcess结束进程

6.若在白名单内,设置EFALG寄存器的TF标识,返回继续执行,进入单步调试异常,恢复该页面的PAGE_GUARD属性

图片描述

1.注册异常处理函数

2.获取模块的EAT地址

3.添加内存断点

​ 调用VirtualProtect将关注的模块相应地址处加上页面保护属性PAGE_GUARD

4.shellcode访问被保护页面,引发异常

异常处理函数流程:

​ 获得发生异常的指令的地址,判断该地址是否在某个模块内,若不在,即为违规操作,调用TerminateProcess结束进程

​ 若在白名单内,设置EFALG寄存器的TF标识,返回继续执行,进入单步调试异常,恢复该页面的PAGE_GUARD属性。

1.在设置好断点以后写入测试代码,作用为读访问ntdll.dll的EAT地址 测试代码如下

2.运行程序,断点跟踪进入异常处理函数
图片描述

3.当前访问ntdll.dll EAT地址的模块不在白名单内,调用TerminateProcess结束进程
图片描述

4.若在白名单内,设置EFLAG寄存器的TF位
图片描述

5.进入单步调试异常恢复PAGE_GUARD
图片描述

6.可见白名单访问受保护页面后引发0x80000001,然后又进入0x80000004异常
图片描述

相比EAF机制增加了更多检测点,代码逻辑一样。增加功能如下:

​ 可检测堆栈寄存器(ESP/EBP)是否超出访问范围,检测对特定模块的DOS_HEADER/NT_HEADERS的内存读取访问。

增加检测模块

1.调用AddVectoredExceptionHandler注册异常处理函数

2.对LoadLibrary系列函数进行InlineHook,当应用程序加载特定模块时进行拦截,获取加载模块的模块信息

3.在上述获得的模块DOS_HEADER/NT_HEADERS处添加内存断点:

​ 调用VirtualProtect将关注的模块相应地址处加上页面保护属性PAGE_GUARD

4.当有shellcode访问被保护页面时,引发STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION (0x80000001) 异常

5.进入异常处理函数,在异常处理函数中获取发生异常的指令的地址,获得该地址所在的模块名,若不在白名单内,即为违规操作,调用TerminateProcess结束进程

6.若在白名单内,设置EFALG寄存器的TF标识,返回继续执行,进入单步调试异常,恢复该页面的PAGE_GUARD属性
图片描述

1.注册异常处理函数

2.对LoadLibrary系列函数进行InlineHook,当应用程序加载特定模块时进行拦截,获取加载模块的模块信息,添加内存断点

3.shellcode访问被保护页面,引发异常

异常处理函数流程:

​ 获得发生异常的指令的地址,判断该地址是否在某个模块内,若不在,即为违规操作,调用TerminateProcess结束进程

​ 若在白名单内,设置EFALG寄存器的TF标识,返回继续执行,进入单步调试异常,恢复该页面的PAGE_GUARD属性。

1.在设置好断点以后写入测试代码,作用为读访问mshtml.dll的基地址 测试代码如下

2.加载目标模块时,进入EAFPlus初始化函数
图片描述

3.获得加载模块的信息,添加内存断点
图片描述

4.当前访问mshtml.dll 基地址的模块不在白名单内,调用TerminateProcess结束进程
图片描述

5.若在白名单内,设置TF标志位
图片描述

6.进入单步调试异常恢复PAGE_GUARD
图片描述

7.可见白名单访问受保护页面后引发0x80000001,然后又进入0x80000004异常
图片描述

GitHub - sheri31/EMET_Simulator: Simulate EMET

GitHub - codingtest/EMET: reversed emet tool

Maxwell/MemGuard.cpp at db4d8b189ff2f39f7c5235bb6a1a9974f7532a8c · endgameinc/Maxwell · GitHub

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AddVectoredExceptionHandler(0, EAFVectoredHandler);
AddVectoredExceptionHandler(0, EAFVectoredHandler);
void * GetModuleEAT(DWORD_PTR ModuleBase)
{
    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* ImageDosHeader = NULL;
    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER*  ImageOptionalHeader = NULL;
    PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY ImageExportDirectory;
    PULONG  AddressOfFunctions;
    ImageDosHeader = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *)ModuleBase;
    ImageOptionalHeader = (IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER*)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageDosHeader->e_lfanew + 24);
    ImageExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageOptionalHeader->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress);
 
    AddressOfFunctions = (ULONG*)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageExportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions);
    return (void*)AddressOfFunctions;
}
void * GetModuleEAT(DWORD_PTR ModuleBase)
{
    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* ImageDosHeader = NULL;
    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER*  ImageOptionalHeader = NULL;
    PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY ImageExportDirectory;
    PULONG  AddressOfFunctions;
    ImageDosHeader = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *)ModuleBase;
    ImageOptionalHeader = (IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER*)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageDosHeader->e_lfanew + 24);
    ImageExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageOptionalHeader->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress);
 
    AddressOfFunctions = (ULONG*)((BYTE*)ModuleBase + ImageExportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions);
    return (void*)AddressOfFunctions;
}
 
DWORD EAF() {
    DWORD dwRet = 0;
    EnterCriticalSection(&g_CriSec);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        DWORD_PTR ModuleBase = (DWORD_PTR)GetModuleHandle(LPCTSTR(g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleName));
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase = ModuleBase;
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr = GetModuleEAT(ModuleBase);
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleSize = GetModuleSize(ModuleBase);
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT = g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr & 0xFFFFF000;
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwSize = 0x1000;
 
        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
        VirtualQuery((PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr, &mbi, sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION));
        if (mbi.State == MEM_COMMIT)
        {
            if (!(mbi.Protect & PAGE_GUARD))
            {
                DWORD NewProtect = 0;
                DWORD OldProtect = 0;
                DWORD dwSize = g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwSize;
                PVOID dwBaseAddress = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT;
                NewProtect = mbi.Protect | PAGE_GUARD;
                g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect = NewProtect;
                dwRet = pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &dwBaseAddress, &dwSize, NewProtect, &OldProtect);   
            }
        }
    }
    LeaveCriticalSection(&g_CriSec);
    return dwRet;
}
DWORD EAF() {
    DWORD dwRet = 0;
    EnterCriticalSection(&g_CriSec);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        DWORD_PTR ModuleBase = (DWORD_PTR)GetModuleHandle(LPCTSTR(g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleName));
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase = ModuleBase;
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr = GetModuleEAT(ModuleBase);
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleSize = GetModuleSize(ModuleBase);
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT = g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr & 0xFFFFF000;
        g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwSize = 0x1000;
 
        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
        VirtualQuery((PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwEATAddr, &mbi, sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION));
        if (mbi.State == MEM_COMMIT)
        {
            if (!(mbi.Protect & PAGE_GUARD))
            {
                DWORD NewProtect = 0;
                DWORD OldProtect = 0;
                DWORD dwSize = g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwSize;
                PVOID dwBaseAddress = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT;
                NewProtect = mbi.Protect | PAGE_GUARD;
                g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect = NewProtect;
                dwRet = pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &dwBaseAddress, &dwSize, NewProtect, &OldProtect);   
            }
        }
    }
    LeaveCriticalSection(&g_CriSec);
    return dwRet;
}
 
 
 
if (pExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION)
    {
        if (g_Info.EAF)
        {
            int nIndexDll = 0;
            DWORD dwEip = dwCurEip;
            ULONG_PTR uTargetAddress = pExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];//不可访问数据的虚拟地址
 
 
            //判断发生异常处的堆栈指针(EBP,ESP)和当前线程是否一致,不一致直接退出进程
            CheckStack(pExceptionInfo);
 
            if (GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT, (LPCSTR)dwEip, &AttckModuleHandle))
            {
                if (!AttckModuleHandle)
                {
                    ErrorReport();
                }
                else
                {
                    GetModuleName(AttckModuleHandle, AttackModuleName);
                    if (ModuleInWhiteList(AttackModuleName) == FALSE) {
                        ErrorReport();
                    }
 
                }
            }
            else
            {
                ErrorReport();
            }
            GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT, (LPCTSTR)uTargetAddress, &TargetModuleHandle);
            GetModuleName(TargetModuleHandle, TargetModuleName);
 
            for (nIndexDll = 0; nIndexDll < 13; nIndexDll++)
            {
                if (strcmp((const char *)(g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwModuleName), TargetModuleName) == 0)
                {
                    g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwNoGuard = 1;
                    break;
                }
 
            }
 
            //如果发生异常处地址在整个模块内,设置该模块的寄存器信息
            if (g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwNoGuard)
            {
                pContextRecord->EFlags |= 0x100;
            }
            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
        }
        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
    }
}
//此处EAF和EAF+一起判断
for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++)
{
    if (g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwNoGuard)
    {
        if (g_Info.EAF)
        {
            g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwNoGuard = 0;
            SIZE_T ProtectSize = 0x1000;
            PVOID pProtectEATAddr;
            PVOID pProtectMZAddr;
            PVOID pProtectPEAddr;
            DWORD OldProtect = 0;
            if (i < 3)
            {
                pProtectEATAddr = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT;
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectEATAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
            }
            else
            {
                pProtectMZAddr = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase;
                pProtectPEAddr = (PVOID)(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS*)((BYTE*)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase + ((IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase)->e_lfanew);
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectMZAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectPEAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
 
            }
            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
 
        }
    }
}
if (pExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION)
    {
        if (g_Info.EAF)
        {
            int nIndexDll = 0;
            DWORD dwEip = dwCurEip;
            ULONG_PTR uTargetAddress = pExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];//不可访问数据的虚拟地址
 
 
            //判断发生异常处的堆栈指针(EBP,ESP)和当前线程是否一致,不一致直接退出进程
            CheckStack(pExceptionInfo);
 
            if (GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT, (LPCSTR)dwEip, &AttckModuleHandle))
            {
                if (!AttckModuleHandle)
                {
                    ErrorReport();
                }
                else
                {
                    GetModuleName(AttckModuleHandle, AttackModuleName);
                    if (ModuleInWhiteList(AttackModuleName) == FALSE) {
                        ErrorReport();
                    }
 
                }
            }
            else
            {
                ErrorReport();
            }
            GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT, (LPCTSTR)uTargetAddress, &TargetModuleHandle);
            GetModuleName(TargetModuleHandle, TargetModuleName);
 
            for (nIndexDll = 0; nIndexDll < 13; nIndexDll++)
            {
                if (strcmp((const char *)(g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwModuleName), TargetModuleName) == 0)
                {
                    g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwNoGuard = 1;
                    break;
                }
 
            }
 
            //如果发生异常处地址在整个模块内,设置该模块的寄存器信息
            if (g_Info.SystemDllInfo[nIndexDll].dwNoGuard)
            {
                pContextRecord->EFlags |= 0x100;
            }
            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
        }
        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
    }
}
//此处EAF和EAF+一起判断
for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++)
{
    if (g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwNoGuard)
    {
        if (g_Info.EAF)
        {
            g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwNoGuard = 0;
            SIZE_T ProtectSize = 0x1000;
            PVOID pProtectEATAddr;
            PVOID pProtectMZAddr;
            PVOID pProtectPEAddr;
            DWORD OldProtect = 0;
            if (i < 3)
            {
                pProtectEATAddr = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwPageAddrOfEAT;
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectEATAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
            }
            else
            {
                pProtectMZAddr = (PVOID)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase;
                pProtectPEAddr = (PVOID)(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS*)((BYTE*)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase + ((IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwModuleBase)->e_lfanew);
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectMZAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
                pNtProtectVirtualMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), &pProtectPEAddr, &ProtectSize, g_Info.SystemDllInfo[i].dwProtect, &OldProtect);
 
            }

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