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[原创]Flare-ON 8th 之第九题evil
发表于: 2021-10-28 13:46 14589

[原创]Flare-ON 8th 之第九题evil

wmsuper 活跃值
7
2021-10-28 13:46
14589

概述

今年由火眼举办的flare-on 8th CTF刚刚结束，接下来准备介绍令我印象比较深刻的第九题evil的解题方法。
图片描述

反混淆

evil混淆了API调用，导致IDA分析失败，以此来对抗静态分析。

确定混淆模式

主体的API调用基本都会被混淆成这种模式:
图片描述
引发异常后，会跳到异常处理程序，异常处理会取出edx，ecx，通过hash得到对应API地址，给eax赋值后，将当前EIP+3的地方修改为call eax，并继续执行。
图片描述
当然引发异常不仅仅是xor eax,eax；mov eax,[eax]这种指令序列，还有如下指令序列：

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.text:0040245E 33 C0                          xor     eax, eax
.text:00402460 8B 00                          mov     eax, [eax]
------------------------------------------------------------
.text:00402773 33 C0                          xor     eax, eax
.text:00402775 F7 F0                          div     eax
------------------------------------------------------------
.text:0040279E 33 F6                          xor     esi, esi
.text:004027A0 F7 F6                          div     esi
------------------------------------------------------------
.text:00402A80 33 FF                          xor     edi, edi
.text:00402A82 F7 F7                          div     edi

修复API肯定得找到所有模式，并计算出API进行修复。

寻找被混淆的API调用：

根据以上特征码很容易找到被混淆的地方，同时为了确定调用了哪个API，必须获取EDX，ECX的值，值得注意的是，这两个寄存器不是直接进行立即数赋值，它是把立即数保存到临时变量中，再由临时变量赋值到寄存器中。
图片描述
为了追踪这一过程，我编写了一个IDApython脚本，来获取所有API调用混淆的地方，同时找到对应的EDX，ECX的值：

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from idc import *
import idaapi
 
def get_hash_args(addr):
    v_map={}
    h_map={}
    reg=['ecx','edx']
    while len(v_map)<2:
        prevaddr=prev_head(addr)
        if addr -prevaddr>7:
            print('error1 addr :0x%x'%(addr))
        op=print_insn_mnem(prevaddr)
        if op=='mov':
            v1=print_operand(prevaddr,0)
            v2=print_operand(prevaddr,1)
            if v1 in reg:
                v_map[v2]=v1
        addr=prevaddr
    #print(v_map)
    v_keys=list(v_map.keys())
    while len(h_map)<2:
        prevaddr=prev_head(addr)
        if addr -prevaddr>7:
            print('error2 addr :0x%x'%(addr))
        op=print_insn_mnem(prevaddr)
        if op=='mov':
            v1=print_operand(prevaddr,0)
            v2=get_operand_value(prevaddr,1)
            for i in range(2):
                if v_keys[i] in v1:
                    r=v_map[v_keys[i]]
                    h_map[r]=v2
        addr=prevaddr
    return h_map
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    bad_code=['33 C0 8B 00','33 C0 F7 F0','33 F6 F7 F6','33 FF F7 F7']
 
    end= 0x00445000
 
    for bc in bad_code:
        ea = 0x00401000
        while True:
            res = idaapi.find_binary(ea, end, bc, 16, idaapi.SEARCH_DOWN)
 
            if res==BADADDR: break
            hash_args=get_hash_args(res)
            print('[0x%x,0x%x,0x%x],'%(res,hash_args['edx'],hash_args['ecx']))
            ea=res+1

通过hash得到函数名

众所周知，通过hash来调用API是非常常见的技术，在这题也不例外，我们得分析它的哈希算法。
EDX里面存放着的是dll的名称的key，在程序中直接硬编码，一一对应：

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dll_name_map={
    0x176684:'ntdll.dll',
    0x246132:'kernel32.dll',
    0x52325:'ws2_32.dll',
    0x234324:'user32.dll',
    0x523422:'advapi32.dll',
    0x43493856:'gdi32.dll',
    0x4258672:'ole32.dll',
    0x7468951:'oleaut32.dll'
}

ECX存放着的函数名称的hash，hash算法如下：
图片描述
写成py如下：

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def hash_api_name(s):
    s=bytearray(s)
    v=0x40
    for i in range(len(s)):
        v=(s[i]- 0x45523F21*v)&0xffffffff
    return v

下面就很简单了，直接解析windows下的动态库，找到对应的hash：

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import pefile
dll_name_map={
    0x176684:'ntdll.dll',
    0x246132:'kernel32.dll',
    0x52325:'ws2_32.dll',
    0x234324:'user32.dll',
    0x523422:'advapi32.dll',
    0x43493856:'gdi32.dll',
    0x4258672:'ole32.dll',
    0x7468951:'oleaut32.dll'
}
 
fix_api_addr=[
[0x40245e,0x246132,0x66fff672],
[0x4027bc,0x246132,0xed79e920],
[0x402803,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x402898,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x4028e3,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x402aed,0x523422,0xf0271154],
[0x402b21,0x523422,0x4c9945c7],
[0x402b7a,0x523422,0x59504677],
[0x402ba2,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x402bc0,0x246132,0xed79e920],
[0x402c99,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x402cf6,0x246132,0x4f2e84b7],
[0x402d39,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x402dc1,0x246132,0x1c5d2c5e],
[0x402ec5,0x246132,0x4f2e84b7],
[0x402efc,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x4030a1,0x7468951,0x15cf2779],
[0x4030c2,0x7468951,0x15cf2779],
[0x4030e3,0x7468951,0x15cf2779],
[0x40310a,0x7468951,0x7492cdd5],
[0x4032d1,0x523422,0xe2b0c97a],
[0x403377,0x7468951,0x72154b28],
[0x403395,0x7468951,0x3b224daa],
[0x4033b3,0x7468951,0x3b224daa],
[0x4033d1,0x7468951,0x3b224daa],
[0x403450,0x7468951,0x15cf2779],
[0x403470,0x4258672,0x9913c77c],
[0x403512,0x4258672,0x3a4d550b],
[0x40360d,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x403753,0x246132,0x3ea79291],
[0x403ac0,0x52325,0x97e90ebc],
[0x403b1b,0x52325,0xd5af7bf3],
[0x403b5b,0x52325,0x3ad795fd],
[0x403c30,0x52325,0xd5af7bf3],
[0x403cdd,0x246132,0x1c5d2c5e],
[0x403dc2,0x52325,0xf0b9c6a8],
[0x403e04,0x52325,0xf0b9c6a8],
[0x403e41,0x52325,0xf0b9c6a8],
[0x403ea7,0x52325,0xf0b9c6a8],
[0x403ed2,0x52325,0xf0b9c6a8],
[0x404002,0x246132,0x30fb5637],
[0x404062,0x234324,0x7c1b5535],
[0x40408b,0x43493856,0xc496854f],
[0x40419b,0x43493856,0xaac30c],
[0x4042ac,0x43493856,0x52e698ca],
[0x4042d0,0x43493856,0xdc5bd1aa],
[0x404440,0x52325,0x8f04bc74],
[0x404477,0x52325,0x8f04bc74],
[0x4044a4,0x52325,0x8f04bc74],
[0x40461c,0x246132,0x5bb9ce5d],
[0x404646,0x246132,0x53805498],
[0x404781,0x246132,0x53805498],
[0x40650b,0x246132,0x1c5d2c5e],
[0x40671d,0x52325,0x88efa52b],
[0x40674c,0x52325,0x88efa52b],
[0x40692a,0x523422,0x4fbdc973],
[0x402773,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x40284a,0x246132,0xb243fe0c],
[0x402a52,0x246132,0x307d41cd],
[0x402a9f,0x246132,0xb3d0027c],
[0x402ac1,0x246132,0xb243fe0c],
[0x402c26,0x246132,0x307d41cd],
[0x402cd3,0x246132,0xb87be91c],
[0x402d11,0x246132,0xb87be91c],
[0x402de6,0x246132,0xb3d0027c],
[0x402e21,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x402e57,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x4031ab,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x4031db,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x40320e,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x403246,0x523422,0x555cd98],
[0x4032ad,0x523422,0x15547697],
[0x4034b2,0x4258672,0x36e2fadd],
[0x40371d,0x246132,0xb3d0027c],
[0x403baf,0x52325,0xeb68c9d0],
[0x403c06,0x52325,0xa572514d],
[0x403c74,0x52325,0xa572514d],
[0x403fa7,0x52325,0xa4e84503],
[0x404039,0x246132,0xf8395491],
[0x40411b,0x43493856,0x6cdb8a4],
[0x4041e6,0x43493856,0x58f1cfd],
[0x4043b2,0x52325,0x774bbdd0],
[0x4043d2,0x52325,0xa0b3da21],
[0x404ffd,0x52325,0xa0b3da21],
[0x406530,0x246132,0xb3d0027c],
[0x406567,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x40659d,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x406638,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x406671,0x246132,0x5d22746],
[0x406767,0x52325,0xc3e4c63f],
[0x40682d,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x40685d,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x406890,0x523422,0xcac815fa],
[0x4068c5,0x523422,0x94f7a04c],
[0x4068f3,0x523422,0x151b52df],
[0x40279e,0x246132,0x277d84bb],
[0x402874,0x246132,0x3f2eef6c],
[0x402c53,0x246132,0xcfe0d62f],
[0x402d83,0x246132,0x277d84bb],
[0x4032f7,0x523422,0x539dda96],
[0x403af2,0x52325,0xddc03158],
[0x40416a,0x43493856,0x90ee9f3b],
[0x4042f7,0x234324,0x2cae18a6],
[0x404557,0x246132,0x277d84bb],
[0x4046c7,0x246132,0x277d84bb],
[0x4046fe,0x246132,0x277d84bb],
[0x406950,0x523422,0x539dda96],
[0x4024ae,0x246132,0xa31beaa4],
[0x4024e4,0x246132,0xa31beaa4],
[0x40255d,0x246132,0xa31beaa4],
[0x4025aa,0x246132,0xa31beaa4],
[0x402a80,0x523422,0x613a1fc5],
[0x403275,0x523422,0xf2ae646],
[0x403ca0,0x246132,0xd6c07d79],
[0x4066a7,0x246132,0xf5d407d0],
]
 
pe_info_cache_hit={}
#缓存命中
def pe_cache_hit(dll_name,api_hash):
    if dll_name in pe_info_cache_hit:
        if api_hash in pe_info_cache_hit[dll_name]:
            return pe_info_cache_hit[dll_name][api_hash]
    return None
#将已经计算的api值放入缓存中
def add_pe_cache(dll_name,api_hash,api_name):
    if dll_name in pe_info_cache_hit:
        if api_hash in pe_info_cache_hit[dll_name]:
            return
        else:
            pe_info_cache_hit[dll_name][api_hash]=api_name
    else:
        pe_info_cache_hit[dll_name]={api_hash:api_name}
#计算hash      
def hash_api_name(s):
    s=bytearray(s)
    v=0x40
    for i in range(len(s)):
        v=(s[i]- 0x45523F21*v)&0xffffffff
    return v
#通过hash获取api的符号名称
def get_api_symbols(dll_hash,api_hash):
    system_dir = "C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\"
    dll_name=dll_name_map[dll_hash]
    path=system_dir+dll_name
    api_name=pe_cache_hit(dll_name,api_hash) #命中缓存，直接返回
    if api_name:
        #print('[+]hit cache')
        return api_name
 
    pe = pefile.PE(path)
    for exp in pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols:
        api_name=exp.name
        func_hash = hash_api_name(api_name)
        add_pe_cache(dll_name,func_hash,api_name.decode('utf-8'))
        if  func_hash == api_hash:
            #print("Find symbols:" + " " + api_name.decode('utf-8'))
            return api_name.decode('utf-8')
 
 
if __name__=='__main__':
    for i in fix_api_addr:
        api_name=get_api_symbols(i[1],i[2])
        print('[0x%x,"%s","%s"],'%(i[0],dll_name_map[i[1]],api_name))
        #print('0x%x,%s'%(i[0],api_name))

得到的输出如下：

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[0x40245e,"kernel32.dll","GetSystemTime"],
[0x4027bc,"kernel32.dll","CloseHandle"],
[0x402803,"kernel32.dll","ExitProcess"],
......
......

修复PE,把混淆的地方替换成call IAT的形式即可，在call之前，必须在导入表添加对应的函数引用：

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import lief
import struct
 
binary = lief.parse("evil_in.bin")
 
# Disable ASLR
binary.optional_header.dll_characteristics &= ~lief.PE.DLL_CHARACTERISTICS.DYNAMIC_BASE
 
# Disable NX protection
binary.optional_header.dll_characteristics &= ~lief.PE.DLL_CHARACTERISTICS.NX_COMPAT
 
api_table={}
for i in fix_map:
        if i[1] not in api_table:
                binary.add_library(i[1]).add_entry(i[2])
                api_table[i[1]]={i[2]:1}
        else:
                if i[2] not in api_table[i[1]]:
                        binary.get_import(i[1]).add_entry(i[2])
                        api_table[i[1]][i[2]]=1
 
 
# Invoke the builder
builder = lief.PE.Builder(binary)
 
# Configure it to rebuild and patch the imports
builder.build_imports(True).patch_imports(True)
 
# Build !
builder.build()
 
add_import_bin="lief_pe32.bin"
# Save the result
builder.write(add_import_bin)
 
binary = lief.parse(add_import_bin)
imports = binary.imports
first=True
iat_fix_map={}
for import_ in imports:
        if first:
                first=False
                continue
 
        print(import_.name)
        entries = import_.entries
        f_value = "  {:<33} 0x{:<14x} 0x{:<14x} 0x{:<16x}"
        for entry in entries:
                print(f_value.format(entry.name, entry.data, entry.iat_address, entry.hint))
                iat_fix_map[entry.name]=entry.iat_address
code=binary.get_section('.text').content
for i in fix_map:
        offset=i[0]-0x400000-0x1000
        iat_addr=iat_fix_map[i[2]]
        #patch 成call IAT形式
        code[offset:offset+7]=list(b'\x90\xff\x15'+struct.pack('I',iat_addr+0x400000))
binary.get_section('.text').content=code
 
add_import_bin="lief_fix.bin"
binary.write(add_import_bin)

修复完成!!!

坑点：

这题有几个坑点：

大量的反虚拟机和反调试

patch过掉即可
图片描述

hook

在我反混淆后，我立刻定位到了解密flag的地方，令我奇怪的是，CALG_SEAL这个算法微软并不支持，这段代码会调用失败。
图片描述
但是我以0x6802作为立即数搜索，问题立刻有了答案，这是一个Hook，实际调用的是6801——RC4算法：
图片描述

flag

把这些坑踩过去之后，分析了相关的算法，我找到了立刻编写了flag的解密脚本：

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import struct
import hexdump
import base64
import binascii
from Crypto.Cipher import ARC4
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    key=[b'L0ve\x00',b's3cret\x00',b'5Ex\x00',b'g0d\x00']
    rc4_key=b''
    for i in range(4):
 
        crc=zlib.crc32(key[i])&0xffffffff
 
        rc4_key+=struct.pack('>I',crc)
    hexdump.hexdump(rc4_key)
 
 
    rc4=ARC4.new(rc4_key)
    enc=base64.b64decode('MjinAnDf5yv3enf1dikboofkwvlTzD9u6Jqmggy9pNGW6HqJAMX1')
 
    print(rc4.decrypt(enc))

FLAG： n0_mOr3_eXcEpti0n$_p1ea$e@flare-on.com

后话

今年的flareon的题目大量和一些国外经典电影相关，这题也不例外，
'Love', 'Sex', 'Secret' and 'God' 来源于 1995电影《Hackers》，其中说明了这4个单词是当时最常见的密码：

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The Plague : Our recent unknown intruder penetrated using the superuser account, giving him access to our whole system.
 
Margo : Precisely what you're paid to prevent.
 
The Plague : Someone didn't bother reading my carefully prepared memo on commonly-used passwords. Now, then, as I so meticulously pointed out, the four most-used passwords are: love, sex, secret, and...
 
Margo : [glares at The Plague]
 
The Plague : god. So, would your holiness care to change her password?

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wmsuper!!!
2021-10-28 14:06
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梦游枪手
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wmsuper!!!
2021-10-28 14:07
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L0x1c
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wmsuper!!!
2021-10-28 14:08
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Dyingchen
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晴天师傅tql
2021-10-28 14:57
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5keeter
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wmsuper!!!
2021-11-15 09:31
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