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[原创]因优化而导致的溢出与CVE-2020-16040
发表于: 2022-8-24 13:54 15840

[原创]因优化而导致的溢出与CVE-2020-16040

2022-8-24 13:54
15840

Chrome < 87.0.4280.88
issue:1150649
本系列文章的项目仓库:https://github.com/ErodedElk/Chaos-me-JavaScript-V8

限于笔者个人水平,如果您发现了本文的描述中存在任何错误,都请与我联系,我会尽快修正。

通过 turbolizer ,我们可以很容易的分析出不同阶段得到的结点海。而不同的阶段有不同的优化规则,主要包括如下几个阶段:

在新版本中还有更多的阶段,并且每个阶段名前添加了 TF 前缀,不过功能本身没有太大改变,并不影响我们研究其功能原理。上述的几个阶段就是比较主要的部分,而我们主要研究 TypedLoweringPhaseSimplifiedLoweringPhase 这两个会对结点进行降级的阶段。同时,我们的重点也会放在与 CVE-2020-16040 有关的 SimplifiedLoweringPhase 上。

不过由于本文主要涉及到了源代码层面的分析,笔者相信您在读完本文以后也具有对其他阶段源代码进行解读的能力了。

通过调用 TypedLoweringPhase::run 来实现优化,我们先将其函数实现摘出。

您无需立刻开始阅读它,摘出代码的目的是用以对照文章的叙述。

通过最后的 AddReducer 能够总结出该阶段总共经历了如下几个 Reducer:

我们以 TypedOptimization 为例来分析一下该阶段的工作:

我们以之前提到过的 kSpeculativeNumberAdd 为例跟踪一下其优化过程。

注释部分很好的说明了该结点所做的可能的优化,在符号的左右值都符合条件时,它会将 SpeculativeNumberAddNumberAdd 替换。

基本上每一个 Reducer 都在做相似的工作。它们获取结点的类型,然后通过 switch 跳转到对应的分支尝试优化;如果当前结点并不应该在这个 Reducer 进行优化,那么就会返回 NoChange() ,然后继续向下由其他 Reducer 来尝试优化。

本文的重点放在了 SimplifiedLoweringPhase 阶段,它的执行函数如下:

笔者必须在这里提及一下用于标记每个 Node 信息的 NodeInfo

笔者简略掉了大部分成员函数,我们主要关注那些成员变量。

由于 GenerateTraversal 并不是我们需要关心的内容,因此本文不对该函数的算法实现做分析,笔者打算从 RunPropagatePhase 开始。

函数体不是很大,它首先通过 ResetNodeInfoState 重置了每个结点的 NodeInfo 中的 state_ 标志位。

接下来,函数遍历每个节点,并对其调用 PropagateTruncation ,即传播 Truncation:

接下来它会对当前结点调用 VisitNode<PROPAGATE> 模板函数,从而调用一系列的 Visit 函数:

kNumberConstant 为例,首先获取其对应的值,如果其为整数,则调用 VisitLeafrestriction_type_ 置为 kTaggedSigned ,如果 T==LOWER ,则将值转为 intptr_t 类型指针,将原结点替换为 IntPtrConstant;否则置为 kTagged

具体实现通过调用 SetOutput 完成

常数类型会显得较为简单,笔者这里又选了一个稍微复杂一点的类型 kNumberEqual

它首先判断二值的比较类型,从而决定 UseInfo 参数的截断类型,然后调用 VisitBinop

ProcessInput 是对其两个比较数结点进行处理,其最终会向下调用到 EnqueueInput 函数:

通过调用成员函数 AddUse 修改其 truncation_ 为对应的类型。

在执行代码时,通过添加参数 --trace-representation 可以打印出该阶段的截断信息。

以下述示范代码为例:

在开始阶段,通过 Log 我们可以看到,27 和 30 号结点它们的相关值被置为 truncate-to-word32
当遍历到 31 号结点时,优化器发现此时在进行两个 32bit 有符号数对比,因此调用

于是在 ProcessInput 函数中将 30 和 27 号结点标记为 truncate-to-word32 。其他几个也以此类推。

在完成优化以后的节点海如下:

可以发现,它们已经被优化为了 Int32Constant 类型。在上一篇中曾提到过,NumberConstant 存储的值为 64bit double 类型,而现在发生截断,使其被优化为 32bit int 类型。

对于较小的数来说,它会保存为 SMI 类型,这并不会用到 double
具体来说,SMI 类型只用于表示 31bit 的整数
不过这还只是从 RunPropagatePhase 得出的结论,似乎还并不能解决所有的问题。

该阶段与上一个阶段相似,重置 state 后对每个节点调用 RetypeNode

UpdateFeedbackType 函数会根据之前设定的 restriction_type_ 标记来更新 feedback_type_ ,代码实现仍为一个 switch,因此这里不展开细讲。

最后通过 SetOutput<RETYPE> 完成设置,类似这样:

--trace-representation 参数也会打印 Retype phase 阶段得到的结果:

根据之前设定好的 feedback_type_ 决定每个结点应该如何优化。例如在 ReType phase 阶段,我们能够得到几行特殊的 log:

我们对照 Lower phase 打印出来的 Log,跟踪这几个被标记出来的结点:

27 号 Phi 结点标记出了 24 和 26 号结点,将 truncation 传播到这两个结点,使得其被优化为 Int32Constant ,而 kRepTaggedSigned 则让 30 号被替换为 Int64Constant ,31 号结点也是如此。

大致过了一遍 TypedLoweringPhase 和 SimplifiedLoweringPhase 以后,接下来来看看具体是什么样的情况下有可能让这个优化过程出现漏洞。

首先给出 POC:

只执行 true 分支的目的是防止其通过执行信息获取到 false 分支的实际情况,这样在预测 Range 时从有可能出现错误

如果直接执行,会打印出如下内容:

第二次打印出 -80000000 ,但最终却返回了一个 false ,这就是该漏洞的核心问题。

习惯了 C/C++ 的读者可能注意到 (y + 1) | 0 看起来像是一个无意义的操作,它实际上与 JavaScript 储存数据的方式有关。
先前在 “简单理解 V8 TurboFan” 中提到过,JavaScript 使用 double 类型来储存一般的 Constant,而令其与 0 进行或运算,就能够主动触发类型转换,使得浮点数表示被转为整数表示。
如果原操作数真的是浮点数,那么这个操作就会舍弃小数点以后的数,然后转为整数。
因此会有这样一个事实: 0x80000000 | 0 == -0x80000000
因为它被截断为 32bit int 后就是对应了 -0x80000000 的二进制表示。

接下来我们导出该 poc 的结点海分阶段进行分析:

#45 Word32Or 导出的结果应为 -0x80000000 ,而接下来 Uint32LessThan 是无符号数比较,因此它返回了错误的结果。

我们从 EscapeAnalysisPhase 开始,跟踪一下其优化的过程。此时的结点海如下:

通过 --trace-representation 把遍历过程打印出来,这里笔者筛出了几个代表性的结点:

结点海只会显示每个结点的 static type 而不会表示 feedback type

Propagate phase 只做了简单的遍历判断工作,这里并没有太多疑问,我们关注的主要是接下来的 Retype phase

前问提到过,该阶段通过调用 UpdateFeedbackType 来设定每个结点的 feedback_type_ ,具体来说,在它尝试优化时会调用如下内容:

op_typer_.Name(input0_type, input1_type) 会重新计算该结点的两个输入结点得到的 Range,此时就会有我们看到的 static type,即 Range(0,0x80000000)

接下来它调用 info->restriction_type() 获得 restriction_type ,由于在 Propagate phase 时将其设定为 Type::Signed32()

因此将会取 Range(0,0x80000000)Range(-0x80000000,0x7fffffff) 的交集,于是得到最终的集合是 Range(0,0x7fffffff) 作为它的 feedback_type_ ,而该值会向下传播到 SpeculativeNumberBitwiseOr ,于是就有了上面打印出的 Log 的结果

最终在 RunLowerPhase -> VisitNode<LOWER> 处进行降级的时候:

由于 Range(0,0x7fffffff) 符合了 Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZero 的条件,因此调用如下代码将其降级为 Uint32 类型:

于是就造成了上述的问题,尽管计算值为 -0x80000000 ,但却经过的是 Uint32LessThan,于是返回了 False

事后给出的补丁是这样的:

可以注意到,默认情况下的 restriction 不再是 Type::Signed32()

如果在之前判断截断为 truncate-to-word32 ,则会令参数为 Type::Any() ,其表示任何,和它取交集不会改变原本的范围,因此就不会因为上界超出 Signed32 的预设值导致这个漏洞的出现了。

因此,导致这个漏洞出现的核心原因总结如下:

其实还有一个小问题没有解释:为什么在默认 restriction_tpye 为 Signed32 的情况下还要先判断 Unsigned32OrMinusZero?
如果原本的下界存在负数,那么 Unsigned32OrMinusZero 将不再适用;而如果原本的下界仅为正数,那么使用 Unsigned32OrMinusZero 就能得到更大的运算范围。
由于 JavaScript 是自动调整数据类型的,这么做能减少数据转换时的开销。

另外,在新的补丁里能找到这样的注释:“Using Signed32 as restriction type amounts to promising there won't be signed overflow.”
显然,此前似乎在这里承诺不会发生溢出,因此默认了 Signed32

zer0con2021 上提到的该漏洞利用是通过 array.shift 实现的,但是时至今日,这个利用已经被补丁修复了,因此本文就不再详细赘述具体的利用方式,我们仅尝试分析一下漏洞利用原理。

梳理一下问题:

未经优化的执行不会导致 0x800000 被认为是有符号数
优化以后,在进行运算时有可能导致 0x800000 被识别为无符号数

通过调用 Math.sign() 就能让这个问题出现两个不同的情况:在未进行优化时,该函数返回 1;而经过优化以后,该函数返回 -1

假设一个变量为:

在结点海的推断中,它会推断出变量 vul 的值为 Range(-1,0) ,但其真实值为 Range(0,1) ,因此在构建数组的时候,这个差异绕过了对数组长度的检查,造成了越界读写。

 
  void Run(PipelineData* data, Zone* temp_zone) {
    GraphReducer graph_reducer(
        temp_zone, data->graph(), &data->info()->tick_counter(), data->broker(),
        data->jsgraph()->Dead(), data->observe_node_manager());
    DeadCodeElimination dead_code_elimination(&graph_reducer, data->graph(),
                                              data->common(), temp_zone);
    JSCreateLowering create_lowering(&graph_reducer, data->dependencies(),
                                     data->jsgraph(), data->broker(),
                                     temp_zone);
    JSTypedLowering typed_lowering(&graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(),
                                   data->broker(), temp_zone);
    ConstantFoldingReducer constant_folding_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(), data->broker());
    TypedOptimization typed_optimization(&graph_reducer, data->dependencies(),
                                         data->jsgraph(), data->broker());
    SimplifiedOperatorReducer simple_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(), data->broker(), BranchSemantics::kJS);
    CheckpointElimination checkpoint_elimination(&graph_reducer);
    CommonOperatorReducer common_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->graph(), data->broker(), data->common(),
        data->machine(), temp_zone, BranchSemantics::kJS);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &dead_code_elimination);
 
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &create_lowering);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &constant_folding_reducer);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &typed_lowering);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &typed_optimization);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &simple_reducer);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &checkpoint_elimination);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &common_reducer);
 
    // ConstantFoldingReducer, JSCreateLowering, JSTypedLowering, and
    // TypedOptimization access the heap.
    UnparkedScopeIfNeeded scope(data->broker());
 
    graph_reducer.ReduceGraph();
  }
};
  void Run(PipelineData* data, Zone* temp_zone) {
    GraphReducer graph_reducer(
        temp_zone, data->graph(), &data->info()->tick_counter(), data->broker(),
        data->jsgraph()->Dead(), data->observe_node_manager());
    DeadCodeElimination dead_code_elimination(&graph_reducer, data->graph(),
                                              data->common(), temp_zone);
    JSCreateLowering create_lowering(&graph_reducer, data->dependencies(),
                                     data->jsgraph(), data->broker(),
                                     temp_zone);
    JSTypedLowering typed_lowering(&graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(),
                                   data->broker(), temp_zone);
    ConstantFoldingReducer constant_folding_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(), data->broker());
    TypedOptimization typed_optimization(&graph_reducer, data->dependencies(),
                                         data->jsgraph(), data->broker());
    SimplifiedOperatorReducer simple_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->jsgraph(), data->broker(), BranchSemantics::kJS);
    CheckpointElimination checkpoint_elimination(&graph_reducer);
    CommonOperatorReducer common_reducer(
        &graph_reducer, data->graph(), data->broker(), data->common(),
        data->machine(), temp_zone, BranchSemantics::kJS);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &dead_code_elimination);
 
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &create_lowering);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &constant_folding_reducer);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &typed_lowering);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &typed_optimization);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &simple_reducer);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &checkpoint_elimination);
    AddReducer(data, &graph_reducer, &common_reducer);
 
    // ConstantFoldingReducer, JSCreateLowering, JSTypedLowering, and
    // TypedOptimization access the heap.
    UnparkedScopeIfNeeded scope(data->broker());
 
    graph_reducer.ReduceGraph();
  }
};
Reduction TypedOptimization::Reduce(Node* node) {
  switch (node->opcode()) {
    case IrOpcode::kConvertReceiver:
      return ReduceConvertReceiver(node);
    case IrOpcode::kMaybeGrowFastElements:
      return ReduceMaybeGrowFastElements(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckHeapObject:
      return ReduceCheckHeapObject(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckBounds:
      return ReduceCheckBounds(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckNotTaggedHole:
      return ReduceCheckNotTaggedHole(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckMaps:
      return ReduceCheckMaps(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckNumber:
      return ReduceCheckNumber(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckString:
    ······
    case IrOpcode::kSpeculativeNumberAdd:
      return ReduceSpeculativeNumberAdd(node);
    ······
  }
  return NoChange();
}
Reduction TypedOptimization::Reduce(Node* node) {
  switch (node->opcode()) {
    case IrOpcode::kConvertReceiver:
      return ReduceConvertReceiver(node);
    case IrOpcode::kMaybeGrowFastElements:
      return ReduceMaybeGrowFastElements(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckHeapObject:
      return ReduceCheckHeapObject(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckBounds:
      return ReduceCheckBounds(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckNotTaggedHole:
      return ReduceCheckNotTaggedHole(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckMaps:
      return ReduceCheckMaps(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckNumber:
      return ReduceCheckNumber(node);
    case IrOpcode::kCheckString:
    ······
    case IrOpcode::kSpeculativeNumberAdd:
      return ReduceSpeculativeNumberAdd(node);
    ······
  }
  return NoChange();
}
Reduction TypedOptimization::ReduceSpeculativeNumberAdd(Node* node) {
  Node* const lhs = NodeProperties::GetValueInput(node, 0);
  Node* const rhs = NodeProperties::GetValueInput(node, 1);
  Type const lhs_type = NodeProperties::GetType(lhs);
  Type const rhs_type = NodeProperties::GetType(rhs);
  NumberOperationHint hint = NumberOperationHintOf(node->op());
  if ((hint == NumberOperationHint::kNumber ||
       hint == NumberOperationHint::kNumberOrOddball) &&
      BothAre(lhs_type, rhs_type, Type::PlainPrimitive()) &&
      NeitherCanBe(lhs_type, rhs_type, Type::StringOrReceiver())) {
    // SpeculativeNumberAdd(x:-string, y:-string) =>
    //     NumberAdd(ToNumber(x), ToNumber(y))
    Node* const toNum_lhs = ConvertPlainPrimitiveToNumber(lhs);
    Node* const toNum_rhs = ConvertPlainPrimitiveToNumber(rhs);
    Node* const value =
        graph()->NewNode(simplified()->NumberAdd(), toNum_lhs, toNum_rhs);
    ReplaceWithValue(node, value);
    return Replace(value);
  }
  return NoChange();
}
Reduction TypedOptimization::ReduceSpeculativeNumberAdd(Node* node) {
  Node* const lhs = NodeProperties::GetValueInput(node, 0);
  Node* const rhs = NodeProperties::GetValueInput(node, 1);
  Type const lhs_type = NodeProperties::GetType(lhs);
  Type const rhs_type = NodeProperties::GetType(rhs);
  NumberOperationHint hint = NumberOperationHintOf(node->op());
  if ((hint == NumberOperationHint::kNumber ||
       hint == NumberOperationHint::kNumberOrOddball) &&
      BothAre(lhs_type, rhs_type, Type::PlainPrimitive()) &&
      NeitherCanBe(lhs_type, rhs_type, Type::StringOrReceiver())) {
    // SpeculativeNumberAdd(x:-string, y:-string) =>
    //     NumberAdd(ToNumber(x), ToNumber(y))
    Node* const toNum_lhs = ConvertPlainPrimitiveToNumber(lhs);
    Node* const toNum_rhs = ConvertPlainPrimitiveToNumber(rhs);
    Node* const value =
        graph()->NewNode(simplified()->NumberAdd(), toNum_lhs, toNum_rhs);
    ReplaceWithValue(node, value);
    return Replace(value);
  }
  return NoChange();
}
 
void Run(SimplifiedLowering* lowering) {
  GenerateTraversal();
  RunPropagatePhase();
  RunRetypePhase();
  RunLowerPhase(lowering);
  if (verification_enabled()) {
    RunVerifyPhase(lowering->info_);
  }
}
void Run(SimplifiedLowering* lowering) {
  GenerateTraversal();
  RunPropagatePhase();
  RunRetypePhase();
  RunLowerPhase(lowering);
  if (verification_enabled()) {
    RunVerifyPhase(lowering->info_);
  }
}
class NodeInfo final {
 public:
  // Adds new use to the node. Returns true if something has changed
  // and the
  node has to be requeued.
  ······
  // Helpers for feedback typing.
  void set_feedback_type(Type type) { feedback_type_ = type; }
  Type feedback_type() const { return feedback_type_; }
  void set_weakened() { weakened_ = true; }
  bool weakened() const { return weakened_; }
  void set_restriction_type(Type type) { restriction_type_ = type; }
  Type restriction_type() const { return restriction_type_; }
 
 private:
  // Fields are ordered to avoid mixing byte and word size fields to minimize
  // padding.
  enum State : uint8_t { kUnvisited, kPushed, kVisited, kQueued };
  State state_ = kUnvisited;
  MachineRepresentation representation_ =
      MachineRepresentation::kNone;             // Output representation.
  Truncation truncation_ = Truncation::None();  // Information about uses.
  bool weakened_ = false;
  Type restriction_type_ = Type::Any();
  Type feedback_type_;
};
class NodeInfo final {
 public:
  // Adds new use to the node. Returns true if something has changed
  // and the
  node has to be requeued.
  ······
  // Helpers for feedback typing.
  void set_feedback_type(Type type) { feedback_type_ = type; }
  Type feedback_type() const { return feedback_type_; }
  void set_weakened() { weakened_ = true; }
  bool weakened() const { return weakened_; }
  void set_restriction_type(Type type) { restriction_type_ = type; }
  Type restriction_type() const { return restriction_type_; }
 
 private:
  // Fields are ordered to avoid mixing byte and word size fields to minimize
  // padding.
  enum State : uint8_t { kUnvisited, kPushed, kVisited, kQueued };
  State state_ = kUnvisited;
  MachineRepresentation representation_ =
      MachineRepresentation::kNone;             // Output representation.
  Truncation truncation_ = Truncation::None();  // Information about uses.
  bool weakened_ = false;
  Type restriction_type_ = Type::Any();
  Type feedback_type_;
};
void RunPropagatePhase() {
  TRACE("--{Propagate phase}--\n");
  ResetNodeInfoState();
  DCHECK(revisit_queue_.empty());
 
  // Process nodes in reverse post order, with End as the root.
  for (auto it = traversal_nodes_.crbegin(); it != traversal_nodes_.crend();
       ++it) {
    PropagateTruncation(*it);
 
    while (!revisit_queue_.empty()) {
      Node* node = revisit_queue_.front();
      revisit_queue_.pop();
      PropagateTruncation(node);
    }
  }
}
void RunPropagatePhase() {
  TRACE("--{Propagate phase}--\n");
  ResetNodeInfoState();
  DCHECK(revisit_queue_.empty());
 
  // Process nodes in reverse post order, with End as the root.
  for (auto it = traversal_nodes_.crbegin(); it != traversal_nodes_.crend();
       ++it) {
    PropagateTruncation(*it);
 
    while (!revisit_queue_.empty()) {
      Node* node = revisit_queue_.front();
      revisit_queue_.pop();
      PropagateTruncation(node);
    }
  }
}
 
void PropagateTruncation(Node* node) {
  NodeInfo* info = GetInfo(node);
  info->set_visited();
  TRACE(" visit #%d: %s (trunc: %s)\n", node->id(), node->op()->mnemonic(),
        info->truncation().description());
  VisitNode<PROPAGATE>(node, info->truncation(), nullptr);
}
void PropagateTruncation(Node* node) {
  NodeInfo* info = GetInfo(node);
  info->set_visited();
  TRACE(" visit #%d: %s (trunc: %s)\n", node->id(), node->op()->mnemonic(),
        info->truncation().description());
  VisitNode<PROPAGATE>(node, info->truncation(), nullptr);
}
void VisitNode(Node* node, Truncation truncation,
               SimplifiedLowering* lowering) {
  tick_counter_->TickAndMaybeEnterSafepoint();
  ······
  switch (node->opcode()) {
    //------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Common operators.
    //------------------------------------------------------------------
    case IrOpcode::kStart:
      // We use Start as a terminator for the frame state chain, so even
      // tho Start doesn't really produce a value, we have to say Tagged
      // here, otherwise the input conversion will fail.
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
    case IrOpcode::kParameter:
      return VisitUnop<T>(node, UseInfo::None(),
                          linkage()
                              ->GetParameterType(ParameterIndexOf(node->op()))
                              .representation());
    case IrOpcode::kInt32Constant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kWord32);
    case IrOpcode::kInt64Constant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kWord64);
    case IrOpcode::kExternalConstant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineType::PointerRepresentation());
    case IrOpcode::kNumberConstant: {
      double const value = OpParameter<double>(node->op());
      int value_as_int;
      if (DoubleToSmiInteger(value, &value_as_int)) {
        VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTaggedSigned);
        if (lower<T>()) {
          intptr_t smi = base::bit_cast<intptr_t>(Smi::FromInt(value_as_int));
          Node* constant = InsertTypeOverrideForVerifier(
              NodeProperties::GetType(node),
              lowering->jsgraph()->IntPtrConstant(smi));
          DeferReplacement(node, constant);
        }
        return;
      }
      VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
      return;
    }
    case IrOpcode::kHeapConstant:
    case IrOpcode::kDelayedStringConstant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTaggedPointer);
  ······
void VisitNode(Node* node, Truncation truncation,
               SimplifiedLowering* lowering) {
  tick_counter_->TickAndMaybeEnterSafepoint();
  ······
  switch (node->opcode()) {
    //------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Common operators.
    //------------------------------------------------------------------
    case IrOpcode::kStart:
      // We use Start as a terminator for the frame state chain, so even
      // tho Start doesn't really produce a value, we have to say Tagged
      // here, otherwise the input conversion will fail.
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
    case IrOpcode::kParameter:
      return VisitUnop<T>(node, UseInfo::None(),
                          linkage()
                              ->GetParameterType(ParameterIndexOf(node->op()))
                              .representation());
    case IrOpcode::kInt32Constant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kWord32);
    case IrOpcode::kInt64Constant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kWord64);
    case IrOpcode::kExternalConstant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineType::PointerRepresentation());
    case IrOpcode::kNumberConstant: {
      double const value = OpParameter<double>(node->op());
      int value_as_int;
      if (DoubleToSmiInteger(value, &value_as_int)) {
        VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTaggedSigned);
        if (lower<T>()) {
          intptr_t smi = base::bit_cast<intptr_t>(Smi::FromInt(value_as_int));
          Node* constant = InsertTypeOverrideForVerifier(
              NodeProperties::GetType(node),
              lowering->jsgraph()->IntPtrConstant(smi));
          DeferReplacement(node, constant);
        }
        return;
      }
      VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTagged);
      return;
    }
    case IrOpcode::kHeapConstant:
    case IrOpcode::kDelayedStringConstant:
      return VisitLeaf<T>(node, MachineRepresentation::kTaggedPointer);
  ······
void RepresentationSelector::SetOutput<PROPAGATE>(
    Node* node, MachineRepresentation representation, Type restriction_type) {
  NodeInfo* const info = GetInfo(node);
  info->set_restriction_type(restriction_type);
}
void RepresentationSelector::SetOutput<PROPAGATE>(
    Node* node, MachineRepresentation representation, Type restriction_type) {
  NodeInfo* const info = GetInfo(node);
  info->set_restriction_type(restriction_type);
}
case IrOpcode::kNumberEqual: {
    Type const lhs_type = TypeOf(node->InputAt(0));
    Type const rhs_type = TypeOf(node->InputAt(1));
    if ((lhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZero()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZero())) ||
        (lhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         OneInputCannotBe(node, type_cache_->kZeroish))) {
      // => unsigned Int32Cmp
      VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingWord32(),
                    MachineRepresentation::kBit);
      if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Uint32Op(node));
      return;
    }
    if ((lhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZero()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZero())) ||
        (lhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         OneInputCannotBe(node, type_cache_->kZeroish))) {
      // => signed Int32Cmp
      VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingWord32(),
                    MachineRepresentation::kBit);
      if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Int32Op(node));
      return;
    }
    // => Float64Cmp
    VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingFloat64(kIdentifyZeros),
                  MachineRepresentation::kBit);
    if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Float64Op(node));
    return;
}
case IrOpcode::kNumberEqual: {
    Type const lhs_type = TypeOf(node->InputAt(0));
    Type const rhs_type = TypeOf(node->InputAt(1));
    if ((lhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZero()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZero())) ||
        (lhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Unsigned32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         OneInputCannotBe(node, type_cache_->kZeroish))) {
      // => unsigned Int32Cmp
      VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingWord32(),
                    MachineRepresentation::kBit);
      if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Uint32Op(node));
      return;
    }
    if ((lhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZero()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZero())) ||
        (lhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         rhs_type.Is(Type::Signed32OrMinusZeroOrNaN()) &&
         OneInputCannotBe(node, type_cache_->kZeroish))) {
      // => signed Int32Cmp
      VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingWord32(),
                    MachineRepresentation::kBit);
      if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Int32Op(node));
      return;
    }
    // => Float64Cmp
    VisitBinop<T>(node, UseInfo::TruncatingFloat64(kIdentifyZeros),
                  MachineRepresentation::kBit);
    if (lower<T>()) ChangeOp(node, Float64Op(node));
    return;
}
void VisitBinop(Node* node, UseInfo left_use, UseInfo right_use,
                  MachineRepresentation output,
                  Type restriction_type = Type::Any()) {
    DCHECK_EQ(2, node->op()->ValueInputCount());
    ProcessInput<T>(node, 0, left_use);
    ProcessInput<T>(node, 1, right_use);
    for (int i = 2; i < node->InputCount(); i++) {
      EnqueueInput<T>(node, i);
    }
    SetOutput<T>(node, output, restriction_type);
  }
void VisitBinop(Node* node, UseInfo left_use, UseInfo right_use,
                  MachineRepresentation output,
                  Type restriction_type = Type::Any()) {
    DCHECK_EQ(2, node->op()->ValueInputCount());
    ProcessInput<T>(node, 0, left_use);
    ProcessInput<T>(node, 1, right_use);
    for (int i = 2; i < node->InputCount(); i++) {
      EnqueueInput<T>(node, i);
    }
    SetOutput<T>(node, output, restriction_type);
  }
template <>
void RepresentationSelector::EnqueueInput<PROPAGATE>(Node* use_node, int index,
                                                     UseInfo use_info) {
  Node* node = use_node->InputAt(index);
  NodeInfo* info = GetInfo(node);
 
  if (info->unvisited()) {
    info->AddUse(use_info);
    TRACE("  initial #%i: %s\n", node->id(), info->truncation().description());
    return;
  }
  TRACE("   queue #%i?: %s\n", node->id(), info->truncation().description());
  if (info->AddUse(use_info)) {
    // New usage information for the node is available.
    if (!info->queued()) {
      DCHECK(info->visited());
      revisit_queue_.push(node);
      info->set_queued();
      TRACE("   added: %s\n", info->truncation().description());
    } else {
      TRACE(" inqueue: %s\n", info->truncation().description());
    }
  }
}
template <>
void RepresentationSelector::EnqueueInput<PROPAGATE>(Node* use_node, int index,

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