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Finding some non-exported kernel variables
Windows XP
by Edgar Barbosa
I'n the great majority of kernel modules that
needs to get the value of some non-exported
variable of the kernel, the solution was
scan the kernel in the memory to find
specific opcodes or specific signatures.
But I'd founded a new way to get some of
those hidden variables in the kernel by
a new undocumented field in an old structure
called Processor Control Region.
Let's see it:
KPCR STRUCT
; Start of the architecturally defined section of the PCR. This section
; may be directly addressed by vendor/platform specific HAL code and will
; not change from version to version of NT.
NtTib NT_TIB <>
SelfPcr PVOID ? ; 1Ch
Prcb PVOID ? ; 20h
Irql BYTE ? ; 24h
db 3 dup(?) ; padding
IRR DWORD ? ; 28h
IrrActive DWORD ? ; 2Ch
IDR DWORD ? ; 30h
Reserved2 DWORD ? ; 34h
IDT PVOID ? ; 38h
GDT PVOID ? ; 3Ch
TSS PVOID ? ; 40h PTR KTSS
MajorVersion WORD ? ; 44h
MinorVersion WORD ? ; 46h
SetMember KAFFINITY ? ; 48h
StallScaleFactor DWORD ? ; 4Ch
DebugActive BYTE ? ; 50h
Number BYTE ? ; 51h
db 2 dup(?) ; 052 padding
KPCR ENDS
While playing with the kernel of Windows XP, and
looking for the KPCR area, I'd perceived that
0xffdff034 (Reserved2 field) was not equal 0x0, as
usual in Windows 2000.
And while dumping this new pointer in XP, I'd
founded some very important hidden kernel variables
like:
PsActiveProcessHead
PsLoadedModuleList
MmPfnDatabase
PspCidTable
ObpRootDirectoryObject and more...
Then, I saw the following change in
WinDbg:
lkd> dt _KPCR
+0x000 NtTib : _NT_TIB
+0x01c SelfPcr : Ptr32 _KPCR
+0x020 Prcb : Ptr32 _KPRCB
+0x024 Irql : UChar
+0x028 IRR : Uint4B
+0x02c IrrActive : Uint4B
+0x030 IDR : Uint4B
+0x034 KdVersionBlock : Ptr32 Void
+0x038 IDT : Ptr32 _KIDTENTRY
+0x03c GDT : Ptr32 _KGDTENTRY
+0x040 TSS : Ptr32 _KTSS
+0x044 MajorVersion : Uint2B
+0x046 MinorVersion : Uint2B
+0x048 SetMember : Uint4B
+0x04c StallScaleFactor : Uint4B
+0x050 DebugActive : UChar
+0x051 Number : UChar
+0x052 Spare0 : UChar
+0x053 SecondLevelCacheAssociativity : UChar
+0x054 VdmAlert : Uint4B
+0x058 KernelReserved : [14] Uint4B
+0x090 SecondLevelCacheSize : Uint4B
+0x094 HalReserved : [16] Uint4B
+0x0d4 InterruptMode : Uint4B
+0x0d8 Spare1 : UChar
+0x0dc KernelReserved2 : [17] Uint4B
+0x120 PrcbData : _KPRCB
What is the KdVersionBlock ?
While looking in the Google for some
page that have all the kernel variables
listed above, I founded the following
include file:
http://dotnet.di.unipi.it/Content/sscli/docs/doxygen/tools/sos/global
s.html
And the structure that I'd founded appears to be
the same of the KDDEBUGGER_DATA32 structure.
Then I created the getvar (get in the www.rootkit.com)
program to make a test
and it worked perfectly in Windows XP
Now, for example, to get the PsActiveProcessHead, is just
a question of :
mov eax, 0ffdff034h
mov eax, [eax]
mov eax, [eax+078h]
Now, you have the PsActiveProcessHead with just 3 instructions!!!
Well, I hope this text to be useful to the Rootkit community!
Any errors or questions to: embarbosa AT yahoo DOT com
Regards,
Opc0de

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